Some English terms used in Microbiology 1 Shapes & Structures General terms Antibiotics and related Bacillus (pl. bacilli) Acid fast (acid fastness) ácido-alcohol resistente Acetylases Capsule Bacterial (adj.) Ampicillin Cell wall pared celular Bacterium (pl., bacteria): Beta-lactamase Coccus (cocci; and hence Staphylococcus, Bench: poyata Beta-lactamic Staphylococci) Biofilm Cephalosporin Core oligosaccharide núcleo oligosacarídico Burner (Bunsen Burner): mechero (Bunsen) Chloramphenicol Cortex Colony: colonia Colistin Fimbria (pl. fimbriae) Coverslip: (vidrio) cubreobjetos D-Cycloserine Flagellum (pl. flagella) Dye colorante DNA-gyrase Glycocalix Eukaryote or eucaryote Erythromycin Lipid A Incubator: estufa de incubación Ethambuthol Lipopolysaccharide Inoculating loop asa de siembra Fluoroquinolone Murein mureína Inoculum (inocula): Gentamicin (formerly gentamycin) Omp: outer membrane major protein proteína To flame: flamear Isoniazide de membrane externa Flask (Erlenmeyer flask): matraz Methicillin Outer membrane membrana externa Volumetric flask: matraz aforado Methylases PAMP (pathogen associated molecular pattern): Microorganism Nalidixic acid patrón molecular asociado a patógeno Motility movilidad Penicillin Peptidoglycan peptidoglucano Mycoplasm Penicillin binding protein (PBP) Periplasm periplasma Negative staining tinción negativa Phosphonomycin Periplasmic space espacio periplásmico Petri dish: placa de Petri Phosphorylases Permeability barrier barrera de permeabilidad Prokaryote or procaryote Polymyxin Pilus (pl. pili) Rack: gradilla RNA-polymerase Porin Slide (glass slide) portaobjetos Streptomycin Rod bacilo Stain tinción Sulfamide Slime moco, mucus Staining tinción Sulfonamide Spirillum (pl. spirilla) Swarmer que se mueve en grupo Tetracycline Spirochaeta, spirochete (pl. spirochaetes, Beaker: Vaso de precipitados Transglycosylase spirochetes) Virus (pl. viruses) Transpeptidase Spore Water bath: baño de incubación Trimethoprim Spore coat cutícula de la espora To streake out agotar por estría Vancomycin Some English terms used in Microbiology 2 Physiology ABC (ATP binding cassette) system Aerobe Aerobic Anaerobe Anaerobic Anoxybiontic Chemoorganotrophic quimioorganotrofo Efflux pump bomba de expulsión Facultative Fastidious (nutritionally demanding) nutricionalmente exigente Fermenting bacteria Growth curve curva de crecimiento Logarithmic Oxybiontic Phosphotransferase Proton motive force (electrochemical gradient) Transporter Uptake system sistema de incorporación o transporte Genetics Conjugation Insertion sequence Phage Plasmid Transduction Transformation Transposon .