City Research Online City, University of London Institutional Repository Citation: Antzakas, K. (2006). Aspects of morphology and syntax of negation in Greek sign language. (Unpublished Doctoral thesis, City University London) This is the accepted version of the paper. This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link: https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/id/eprint/8550/ Link to published version: Copyright: City Research Online aims to make research outputs of City, University of London available to a wider audience. Copyright and Moral Rights remain with the author(s) and/or copyright holders. URLs from City Research Online may be freely distributed and linked to. Reuse: Copies of full items can be used for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Provided that the authors, title and full bibliographic details are credited, a hyperlink and/or URL is given for the original metadata page and the content is not changed in any way. City Research Online: http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/ [email protected] Aspects of Morphology and Syntax of Negation in Greek Sign Language Klimis Antzakas A thesis submitted for the fulfilment of the requirements of the degreeof Doctor of Philosophy City University London Department of Languageand Communication Science November 2006 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table 2 of contents .................................................................................................................................................. List 8 of tables .......................................................................................................................................................... List figures 9 of ......................................................................................................................................................... Acknowledgements 10 ............................................................................................................................................ Abstract 12 ................................................................................................................................................................ 14 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................. 1.1 The for 15 need the study: why negation? .......................................................................................... 1.2 Statement the topic definition 16 on research and term .................................................................. Thesis 18 1.3 outline ....................................................................................................................................... 1.4 Glossing transcription signs and conventions ...................................................... REVIEW 28 2 LITERATURE ................................................................................................. 2.1 Introduction 28 ......................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Negation in the English Greek languages spoken and ................... 2.2.1 Negation in Modern Greek English 29 and ................................................................................................... 2.2.2 Spoken language 32 negation and generative grammar ............................................................................... 2.2.2.1 Sentential/clausal 33 and constituent/local negation ....................................................................... 2.2.2.2 The 34 scope of negation ........................................................................................................................ 2.2.2.3 Negative double 35 concord and negation .......................................................................................... 2.2.2.4 Negative items 36 polarity ....................................................................................................................... 2.3 Negation in languages 37 sign ................................................................................................................ 2.3.1 Manual 37 negation signs .................................................................................................................................... 2.3.1.1 Negation 37 signs and negative particles ............................................................................................. 2.3.1.2 Signs incorporation 38 of negative ........................................................................................................ 2.3.1.3 Negation incorporation 39 signs and signs with negative ................................................................ 2.3.2 Non-manual features 42 of negation ................................................................................................................ 2.3.2.1 Negation head 43 movements ............................................................................................................... 2.3.2.2 Negation facial 46 expressions............................................................................................................... 2.3.2.3 The features 51 combination of manual negation signs and non-manual of negation ............. 2.3.3 The in languages 53 syntax of negation sign ................................................................................................... 2.3.3.1 Word in language 53 order sign negation ............................................................................................ 2.3.3.2 The syntax of negation and the relation of manual negation to the negation head 59 movement ............................................................................................................................................. 2.3.3.3 Negative in languages 66 concord sign .............................................................................................. 2.4 Gestures of negation used by hearing people and non-manual features of negation in language 67 sign ................................................................................................................................... 2.5 Sign language in Greece 69 research .................................................................................................... 3 METHODOLOGY AND METHODOLOGICAL CONCERNS 72 .................................. 3.1 Introduction 72 .......................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Informants 75 ............................................................................................................................................ 3.3 Data 76 collection ..................................................................................................................................... The 77 3.3.1 pre-pilot study........................................................................................................................................... 3.3.2 The 77 pilot study.................................................................................................................................................. Problems 79 3.3.3 concerningthe pilot study........................................................................................................... 3.4 The database 80 of the study .................................................................................................................. 3.5 Methodology lexical 81 of the and morphological analysis .............................................................. 3.5.1 Tokens 82 of negation .......................................................................................................................................... 3.5.2 Codification for 82 process morphological analysis...................................................................................... 3.6 Methodology for 83 the syntactic analysis ........................................................................................... 3.6.1 Initial for 83 methodological approach syntactic analysis............................................................................ 3.6.1.1 Setting for 87 criteria syntactic analysis................................................................................................. 3.6.1.1.1 Criteria for boundaries 87 clause ............................................................................................... 3.6.1.1.2 ENG Signed Greek 90 and ........................................................................................................ 3.6.1.1.3 Making judgements 90 about the clauses................................................................................ 3.6.2 Outline functional SignStream 91 of the problems, the process and characteristics of ........................ 3.6.3 SignS 93 tre am ......................................................................................................................................................... 3.6.3.1 An initial SignStrcam 93 attempt of use ............................................................................................... 3.6.3.2 Digitalising data for SignStream 94 use................................................................................................. 3.6.3.3 The SignStream 95 use of .......................................................................................................................