The Hewlett-Packard Years OptoelectronicsDivision September 1973 through January 1999 by David L. Evans Optoelectronics Applications Engineer Foreword Optoelectronics Applications Engineer—Dave Evans There are already two informative HP Memoirs on this website, written by Bob Steward and John Uebbing. Both memoirs have great technology and personal stories about how HPA started from a materials science group in HP Labs in the mid-1960s. This venture came from a vision which saw great promise in exploiting the remarkable ability to get visible light out of Gallium-Arsenide-based semiconductors, at very low (portable) voltages. Bill Hewlett and others in HP Labs backed up this venture with generous funding, especially in 1970 when 15-digit miniature displays were needed for Bill's pet project, the HP-35 electronic slide rule. By the time Dave Evans was hired at HPA LED group in 1973, I had already spent almost three years (1969 – 1972) in the earliest years trying to manage the introduction of LED displays, culminating in the wildly popular HP-35 electronic slide rule. I moved on in late 1972. But that period starting in about 1969 was technologically exciting, as LED digits and alpha-numeric displays were finding applications all the way from auto tail and brake lights to traffic stop lights. But we really didn't know what was coming. The clear advantages of semiconductor light, used to generate small digits for revolutionary pocket calculators or in portable HP instrumentation and quickly in desktop engineering calculators were obvious. It was also obvious to HPA's marketing teams like Milt Liebhaber and Rick Kniss, that the super reliability of LED bulbs were going to be natural for applications like the tail and stop lights of autos. The reason being that having lifetime performance installed in cars meant that an expensive $100 shop mechanic task to change a 50-cent incandescent bulb weren't going to aggravate a customer. Or, if installed in street stop light applications, cities would not need expensive periodic deployment of one of their cherry-picker trucks to go around replacing those bulbs. Of course, in the early 1970s, only the color red was available, since we weren't yet able to generate those wonderful yellow and green and blue colors. But the promise was there. That's about the time that Dave arrived on the LED scene. Hewlett-Packard marketing was structured for sales of instruments to engineers, and not much customization was needed. HP's instruments went directly to the design bench or production test rack or out into field maintenance facilities. At the HPA Division, they had been established to design and manufacture components, such as microwave diodes and infra-red emitters. So, it took some convincing to get an instrument field salesman to spend time with a customer design engineer who might need a lot of hand-holding to figure whether a tiny HP diode component would perform properly in the new circuit design. Hewlett-Packard enhanced our test instruments with a huge archive of application notes. These were tutorial publications, handed out freely, and promoted by advertising and PR media, and the massive annual HP catalog. Most significant new instruments would have an associated application note and perhaps a related product note, which expanded on the product's instruction manual. The same information techniques were used for the tiny rf diode and later the LED diodes, covering all of the necessary performance and environmental data, suggested circuit configurations and such. But often that was not enough. When state of the art components are available, it was sometimes necessary to refer the customer engineer directly to the factory for one-on-one consulting. Enter the Components Application Engineer. Dave's recall is amazing, and this story presents so many fascinating episodes in customer's plants, assisting the local field engineer in boosting the customer design engineer to make him look good using HPA LEDs in his new creation. Other times, a trip was necessary to investigate product failures, often caused by their 1 production processes which compromised the performance of the digits and alpha-numeric components. HPA components were the essence of the visual interactive displays of the customer's product, aesthetically and functionally. Application engineers were also relied on to travel across the US to augment the field sales engineer in their daily sales job, especially when a "big deal" contract was on the line. Dave's creativity was working continuously in the factory, he cheered technical projects to expand the performance parameters of components, to match customer needs in difficult environments, from nuclear submarines to desert heat. He created publications for application information to design engineers, which mirrored the kind of comprehensive technical data featured by the semiconductor industry giants. And he "enjoyed" the expense account life of a seminar presenter, running through airports, driving hours to be at the next town for a morning lecture. One story involved a dangerous overnight drive through a serious snow storm. The theme I particularly liked about Dave's story was his career-long commitment to the Trade Association, Aerospace Lighting Institute (ALI). Industrial volunteering was a corporate value of Dave Packard and Bill Hewlett. Packard was Chair of the Palo Alto School District and Stanford Board of Trustees, for example, not to mention his tour as US Deputy Secretary of Defense. Although it was a personal decision, large numbers of HP execs did outside volunteering in their favorite causes. The downside was that there was always a small doubt that outside work would work against faster promotions in the company, where managers who committed full- time to HP would have an advantage. I applaud volunteers like Evans. I, myself, committed 28 years to an International Trade Association for Metrology, which had considerable influence on the measurement industry calibration standards. I felt that association work was important to HP's future in all customer's measurement quality, and my management agreed. In Dave's work in ALI, he helped write industry standards that reflected HPA's display technology knowledge, combined with real customer needs, and thereby improved the final applications of this brand new lighting revolution. As you will see, Dave enjoyed those professional interactions as well as contributing to that industry progress. There are many more customer trade groups he served, from NCUTCD to NCHRP, in one case helping to write industry specifications for the well-known blinking amber crosswalk lights we have all observed. His work on committees which wrote standards on military night vision goggles greatly helped our national defense technology. These were not trivial accomplishments, and getting HP to have a hand in writing performance specifications gave us a step ahead of other competition. Good work, Dave. But this is a personal life story, with a LOT of HP mixed in. It is a stimulating read. One abiding impression. I imagined myself as Dave Evans, going about his retired life now, seeing LED building EXIT signs, highway information signs, airport runway lights, and the massive use of LED home illumination, and I would smile and realize that it was my committee tutoring and standards-writing that helped accomplish all those benefits for society. ---John Minck Click HERE for the HP Memoir of Steward and HERE for the HP Memoir of Uebbing. Dedication This HP Memoir is dedicated to all those in the Hewlett- Packard Optoelectronics Division who helped me be a success as an Applications Engineer; including but not limited to: Stan Gage; Bob Steward; Hans Sorensen; Mark Hodapp; Bob Zettler; Milt Liebhaber; Norm Tarowsky; Janice Leatherwood; to George Godfrey and the Aerospace Lighting Institute for allowing me to have an influence in the aerospace lighting industry; and to my wife Judy Evans who loved and supported me during those 25½ years. 2 Contents Topics: Page I am hired by Hewlett-Packard 4 The Applications Group 7 HPA’s fiscal year 1973 9 Bob Steward leaves the Applications Group 11 I changed LED derating to 70°C 11 LED technology 12 The HP Components Group 13 SAN displays 13 LED demo units 16 Optocouplers 17 Soldering LEDs: 17 Growth of OED Applications Group 18 LCDs 18 ALI 19 LEDs in aerospace 20 LEDs in sunlight 20 Performance reviews 23 Automotive LEDs: 23 The Optoelectronics Manual 24 ALI Basic School 26 OED seminar trips 26 Seminar trip experiences 27 The McIntosh visit 30 ALI and NVG 31 Hi-Rel 35 I return to Applications 40 Changes in command 44 OED moves to San Jose 44 The Ford incident 46 Interviewing job applicants 49 SAE A-20A Committee 50 Milt Liebhaber 53 Tie pulling incident 55 LED traffic signals 58 Conversion to 15°AlInGap red LEDs in traffic signals 60 ITE 60 George Godfrey’s visit to OED 64 Visit to NCHRP 64 AASHTO 65 NCUTCD and the MUTCD 66 FHWA 67 Yellow LED traffic signals, amber LED message signs and sunglasses 68 ATSSA, Minneapolis 69 Jim Capiccioli as Applications Manager 70 Change of Command at OED 72 LED Barricade flasher lights 74 LED EXIT signs 74 IES 76 Three new young hires into OED Marketing 78 SMT and auto-insertion 78 NEPCON 79 LightGuard Systems 79 MUTCD, NCUTCD and LEDs at crosswalks 81 3 Green and blue LEDs 82 Green LED traffic signals 83 Mytel in Ottawa, Canada 83 The Chrysler visit 84 McCain Traffic 84 PEEK Traffic 85 The David Franklin incident 86 HP Christmas traditions 87 Trade Magazine articles 89 Tribute from NCHRP 89 My retirement from OED 90 ISO 9000 93 People of OED Applications 97 Agilent 98 ALI February, 1999 99 My Twenty Three Years with the Aerospace Lighting Institute 100 HP OED Alumni lunches 110 Honor Roll 112 Looking Back 112 Before I begin the Hewlett-Packard Years, I want to let you know there are not that many Hewlett- Packard pictures to show you.