New Zealand Journal of Botany ISSN: 0028-825X (Print) 1175-8643 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzb20 Rinodina peloleuca (Physciaceae), a maritime lichen with a distinctive austral distribution M. Matzer , H. Mayrhofer & J. A. Elix To cite this article: M. Matzer , H. Mayrhofer & J. A. Elix (1998) Rinodina peloleuca (Physciaceae), a maritime lichen with a distinctive austral distribution, New Zealand Journal of Botany, 36:2, 175-188, DOI: 10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512560 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0028825X.1998.9512560 Published online: 17 Mar 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 122 View related articles Citing articles: 5 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzb20 Download by: [203.118.170.61] Date: 28 February 2017, At: 04:50 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1998, Vol. 36: 175-188 175 0028-825X/98/3602-0175 $7.00 © The Royal Society of New Zealand 1998 Rinodina peloleuca (Physciaceae), a maritime lichen with a distinctive austral distribution M. MATZER INTRODUCTION H. MAYRHOFER While staying in Chile in November and December Institut fur Botanik 1994, the first author visited many coastal localities Karl-Franzens-Universitat Graz in southern parts of the country to undertake field Holteigasse 6 observations and lichen collecting. One of the most A-8010 Graz, Austria common saxicolous lichens encountered there was a species of the genus Rinodina. Subsequent taxo- J. A. ELIX nomic and literature studies showed this South Department of Chemistry American taxon to be Rinodina peloleuca, a lichen Australian National University which was first described as Lecanorapeloleuca by Canberra, ACT, 0200, Australia Nylander (1865) from collections made in Otago, New Zealand by the Scottish lichenologist William Lauder Lindsay. It is now apparent that this species Abstract Rinodina peloleuca (Physciaceae) is an is widely distributed in the Southern Hemisphere, austral, maritime lichen species occurring in Tasma- and it is the first Rinodina species for which an aus- nia and New Zealand, in southern South America, tral or southern circumpolar distribution can accu- on subantarctic islands, and in maritime Antarctica. rately be documented. Southern Hemisphere Together with other species, it indicates an austral lichenology often faces the problem that the tax- connection in maritime lichens of the Southern onomy, and hence the phytogeography and ecology, Hemisphere. Chemically, the species is characterised of many species is not accurately circumscribed. by the presence of skyrin and triterpenes. Rinodina This was also true forR. peloleuca, where our taxo- antarctica, R. deceptionis, R. endochrysodes, R. nomic studies disclosed four (or possibly five) syno- philomelensis, and, possibly, R. aspicilina are syno- nyms. Another focus in the present work was on the nyms of R. peloleuca. The lichenicolous fungi rather complex chemistry of R. peloleuca, with li- Muellerella lichenicola, Polycoccum sp., Pyrenidium chen compounds (skyrin and triterpenes) which are actinellum, and an unidentified coelomycete occur on rare or unknown in other taxa of the genus Rinodina. the species. An unexpected bonus in our studies was the discov- ery of four lichenicolous fungi growing on R. Keywords lichens; Rinodina peloleuca; tax- peloleuca. onomy; biogeography; Southern Hemisphere botany; ecology; lichen chemistry; lichenicolous fungi METHODS Standard light microscope techniques were em- ployed. The terminology of ascospore types follows Matzer & Mayrhofer (1996), that of ascospore on- togeny Giralt & Mayrhofer (1995). Lichen substances were identified by thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and lichen mass spectrometry (LMS). Methods were applied as de- scribed in Culberson & Ammann (1979) and B97030 Culberson & Johnson (1982) for TLC, Feige et al. Received 9 June 1997; accepted 19 November 1997 (1993) for HPLC, and Santesson (1969) for LMS. 176 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1998, Vol. 36 THE SPECIES dulla, often (but not always!) with (dispersed patches of) an orange pigment (skyrin). Prothallus mostly Rinodina peloleuca (Nyl.) Mull. Arg., Nuov. absent, occasionally well developed at the margin of Giorn. Bot. Ital. 23: 125 (1891) the thallus, dark brown, with a whitish pruina at the Basionym: Lecanorapeloleuca Nyl., Flora 48: 338 periphery. (1865). Apothecia (Fig. 1B, C) to 1 (—1.3) mm diam., Types: New Zealand, South Island, Otago, Dunedin, numerous, cryptolecanorine, lecanorine, or on columnar basalt, L. Lindsay, Oct 1861, H-NYL (pseudo-) biatorine, innate or adnate; disc plane or 28504!, lectotype, selected by Mayrhofer( 1983); H- slightly convex, dark brown to blackish, usually with NYL p.m. 2900!, isotype. a lighter coloured proper margin surrounding the disc Lecanora endochrysodes Nyl. in Cromb., J. Linn. which is often visible as a thin line especially in Soc.,Bot. 15:232(1876). moistened apothecia. Exciple outwardly brown, in- Rinodina endochrysodes (Nyl. in Cromb.) Mull. ternally hyaline. Epihymenium 15-35 gm tall, Arg., Nuov. Giorn. Bot. Ital. 21: 43 (1889). brown or yellowish brown; yellow colour intensify- ing in K; epihymenium often covered by a hyaline Holotype: Fuegia, Swallow Bay, R. Cunningham, 30 epipsamma. Hymenium 100-115 gm tall. Dec 1868, H-NYL 28562!. Hypothecium 100-170 gm deep, usually hyaline, Rinodina antarctica Miill. Arg., Mission rarely yellow; yellow colour intensifying in K, a Scientifique Cap Horn 1882-1883, 5, Botanique. hyaline hypothecium may yellowing in K. Paraphy- Lichens: 163 (1888). ses 1-3 gm wide, unbranched, more rarely with sin- Holotype: Terre de Feu, P. Hariot, 1886, G!. gle branches in the upper parts; apices to 6 gm wide. Asci (Fig. 2A) corresponding to the Lecanora type, Rinodina philomelensis Zahlbr., Kongl. Svenska with 8, or rarely less than 8 spores. Ascospores (Fig. Vetenskapsakad. Handl. 57(6): 54 (1917). 2B) (12-)15-23(-27) x (8-)10-13(-15) gm, of the Types: Falkland Islands, West Island, Port Philomel, Physconia type; cell lumina in mature spores sur- Halfway Cove, on sandstone sea cliffs, C. Skottsberg, rounded by a distinct inner wall layer; spore ontog- 24 Feb 1907, UPS!, holotype; W!, isotype. eny of type A (in young spores the septum is inserted Rinodina deceptionis Lamb, Brit. Antarc. Surv. Sci. before internal wall thickenings become distinct); Rep. 61: 65 (1968). during spore ontogeny slight apical internal wall thickenings may occur in some spores for a time; Types: South Shetland Islands, Deception Island, torus small, diffuse, or absent; spore surface finely Port Foster, Bahia Primero de Mayo, about 200 m scabrid. behind the Argentine station, on hillside, alt. eire. 10 m.s.m., on sloping upper side of an agglomerate Spermogonia usually present, immersed in the bird-rock, I.M. Lamb 7883a, 23 Nov 1964, FH, thallus; ostiolar region brownish or blackish; holotype; 7883, BM, isotype!. spermogonia in longitudinal section ± cup-shaped or ? Rinodina aspicilina Zahlbr., Deutsche Siidpolar- cylindrical, 160-300 gm tall, 110-180 gm wide; Expedition 1901-1903, 8, Botanik: 50 (1906). spermogonial wall hyaline at the base of spermo- gonia and laterally, above brown, rarely with an Type: Kerguelen Islands, an Steinen an der orange pigment reacting K+ red-violet. Spermatio- Pinguinbucht, an der Hochwassergrenze, Werth. phores (Fig. 2C) short, septate, usually unbranched. Type material was lodged in B and probably de- Spermatiogenous cells (Fig. 2C) usually terminal, stroyed during the Second World War (H. Hertel rarely intercalar; terminal spermatiogenous cells pers. comm.). The species is tentatively included as oblong to flask-shaped, forming spermatia apically; a synonym ofR. peloleuca. intercalar spermatiogenous cells cylindrical and with EXSICCATES: Plant. Graec. Lich. 333; Obermayer, a lateral projection on which spermatia are formed. Lichenoth. Graec. 77; Vezda, Lich. sel. exs. 2175; Spermatia (Fig. 2D) 4-5 x(1-)1.5(-2) µm, Vezda, Lich. rar. exs. 270. bacilliform, hyaline, simple. DESCRIPTION: Thallus (Fig. IA) saxicolous, crustose, CHEMISTRY: Lichen substances present in the thal- usually thick, continuous, rimose, white, sordid lus: skyrin and triterpenes (including an isomer of white, light grey to grey, more rarely brownish; in zeorin); spot tests: thallus K-, KC-, C-, P-; medulla: longitudinal section with an upper phenocortex, al- orange pigment (skyrin) K+ red-violet, medulla oth- gal layer thick, medulla, particularly the lower me- erwise K-, KC-, C-, P-, I-. Matzer et al.—Rinodina peloleuca 177 Fig. 1 Rinodina peloleuca: A, thallus with apothecia (Mayrhofer 10874, GZU); B-C, variation in apothecial mor- phology: lecanorine and adnate in B (hb. Mayrhofer 2230), becoming (pseudo-)biatorine with distinct proper margin in C (Matzer 1694, GZU). Scale bars = 0.5 mm. The major triterpenes present in Rinodina ards known to us. One of the triterpenes was con- peloleuca do not correspond with any of the stand- firmed as being an isomer of zeorin, as has been 178 New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1998, Vol. 36 Fig. 2 Rinodina peloleuca: ana- tomical characters (Matzer 1691, GZU). A, young ascus without spores in dilute Lugol's solution; B, ascospores; C, spermatiophores, ter- minal and intercalar spermatiogenous cells forming spermatia; D, spermatia. B-D in aqua dest. Scale bar = 10 µm. reported by Mayrhofer (1983) and Leuckert & southern oceanic islands (Falklands, South Georgia,