Milestones in Computer Development Fall 2007 CSCI 1583 1 Milestones in Computer Development 2000 B.C.: Abacus first used in computation Ancient abacuses (images are from http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history ) CSCI 1583 2 Milestones in Computer Development 2000 B.C.: Abacus first used in computation Medieval abacuses (images are from http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history ) CSCI 1583 3 1 Milestones in Computer Development 2000 B.C.: Abacus first used in computation Modern abacuses (images are from http://www.ee.ryerson.ca/~elf/abacus/history ) CSCI 1583 4 Milestones in Computer Development 1642 A.D.: Blaise Pascal (French) creates a mechanical adding machine -- the “Pascalene” -- for tax computations (image is from http://www.webcom.com/calc/CalcMach.html ) CSCI 1583 5 Milestones in Computer Development 1671 A.D.: Gottfried von Leibniz (German) creates a more reliable adding machine that adds, subtracts, multiplies, divides, and calculates square roots -- the "Staffelwalze" (image is from http://www.fmeurope.org ) CSCI 1583 6 2 Milestones in Computer Development 1842 A.D.: Charles Babbage designs analytical engine to perform calculations automatically; Ada, countess of Lovelace, programs this machine (image is from http://www.ashfield-dc.gov.uk ) CSCI 1583 7 Milestones in Computer Development 1890 A.D.: Herman Hollerith designs census recording system that uses punched cards; starts a company that later becomes IBM (image is from http://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott ) CSCI 1583 8 Milestones in Computer Development 1939 A.D.: John Atanasoff designs and builds first electronic digital computer (w/ graduate student Clifford Berry); called the ABC (image is from http://www.iastate.edu ) CSCI 1583 9 3 Milestones in Computer Development 1946 A.D.: J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly design and build the ENIAC; considered the first modern computer, used vacuum tubes (image is from http://www.zianet.com/kromeke/pastcomp ) CSCI 1583 10 Milestones in Computer Development 1946 A.D.: John von Neumann proposes stored program architecture that bears his name (image is from http://home.swipnet.se/~w-27237 ) CSCI 1583 11 Milestones in Computer Development 1951 A.D.: Eckert & Mauchly build the first general-purpose computer, the UNIVAC I CSCI 1583 12 4 Milestones in Computer Development 1957 A.D.: John Backus and his IBM team complete the first compiler (Fortran) PROGRAM TEST INTEGER N N = N + 1 PRINT *, N STOP END (image is from http://www.kcl.ac.uk/kis/support/cit/fortran/photos ) CSCI 1583 13 Milestones in Computer Development 1958: IBM introduces the 7090 series, first to use transistors (image is from http://www.redstone.army.mil/history/archives ) CSCI 1583 14 Milestones in Computer Development 1964 A.D.: IBM announces the 360, first to use integrated circuitry (IC) (image is from http://www.ac.wwu.edu/~stephan/Book/chap5 ) CSCI 1583 15 5 Milestones in Computer Development 1972 A.D.: Dennis Ritchie at Bell Labs develops the C Programming Language; precursor of Java (image is from livinginternet.com ) CSCI 1583 16 Milestones in Computer Development 1975 A.D.: The Altair, the first microcomputer, is introduced (image is from http://www.digicamhistory.com ) 1975 A.D.: The Cray-1, the first supercomputer, is announced (image is from http://www.computerthai.or.th/About_Us ) CSCI 1583 17 Milestones in Computer Development 1976 A.D.: DEC introduces its popular minicomputer, the VAX 11/780 CSCI 1583 18 6 Milestones in Computer Development 1977 A.D.: Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs release the Apple I on April Fool’s Day, and found Apple Computers (image is from http://apple2history.org/museum/images ) CSCI 1583 19 Milestones in Computer Development 1981 A.D.: IBM introduces its own PC 1984 A.D.: Apple introduces the Macintosh (images are from http://www.pattosoft.com.au/jason/Articles/HistoryOfComputers ) CSCI 1583 20 Milestones in Computer Development 1985 A.D.: Bjarne Stroustrup at Bell Labs develops the C++ Programming Language; the Object-Oriented extension of C; precursor of Java (image is from http://www.hitmill.com/programming/cpp ) CSCI 1583 21 7 Milestones in Computer Development 1991 A.D.: The internet is commercialized 1994: Netscape Navigator 1.0 is released; the WWW takes off CSCI 1583 22 Milestones in Computer Development 1995 A.D.: Sun releases Java 1.0; object-oriented programming takes off 1997 A.D.: UNO CS Department adopts Java as object-oriented language support CSCI 1583 23 8.