Environmental Impact Assessment Project Number: 48402-002 March 2016 PAK: National Motorway M-4 Gojra–Shorkot– Khanewal Section Project – Additional Financing Prepared by National Highway Authority of Ministry of Communications for the Islamic Republic of Pakistan and the Asian Development Bank. This is an updated version of the draft originally posted in August 2015 available on http://www.adb.org/projects/documents/national-motorway- m4-gojra-shorkot-section-faisalabad-khanewal-motorway-aug-2015-eia. This environmental impact assessment is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF FAISALABAD-KHANEWAL MOTORWAY (M-4) National Trade Corridor Highway Investment Program (NTCHIP) National Motorway M-4 Gojra-Shorkot-Khanewal Section Project Submitted to ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK by NATIONAL HIGHWAY AUTHORITY (NHA) Originally Submitted in March 2007 Updated June 2014, July 2015 & March 2016 for Section 3 List of Abbreviation EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) List of Abbreviations Abbreviation Description ◦C Degree Centigrade AD Assistant Director ADB Asian Development Bank AADT Average Annual Daily Traffic APs Affected Persons BDL Below Detectable Level CC Construction Contractor CBO Community Based Organization CO Carbon Mono Oxide COI Corridor of Impact dB(A) Decibel DCR District Census Report DC Design Consultant DD Deputy Director DDO Deputy District Officer DFO Divisional Forest Officer EDO Executive District Officer EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIRR Economic Internal Rate of Return EMP Environmental Management Plan EPA Environmental Protection Agency Ft. Feet GM General Manager GoP Government of Pakistan IEE Initial Environmental Evaluation __________________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK ii List of Abbreviation EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) Abbreviation Description IP’s Indigenous People IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature JBIC Japan Bank for International Cooperation JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency Km Kilometers LAA Land Acquisition Act, 1894 LAR Land Acquisition and Resettlement M-4 Motorway (Faisalabad-Khanewal) Mm Millimeter MC Monitoring Consultant M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NEQS National Environmental Quality Standards NESPAK National Engineering Services Pakistan, (Pvt) Ltd. NGO Non Governmental Organization NHA National Highway Authority NH&MP National Highway and Motorway Police NOx Nitrogen Oxides NWFP North West Frontier Province OM Operation Manual O&M Operation and Maintenance PAPs Project Affected Persons PEPA Pakistan Environmental Protection Act PHV Peak Hourly Volume PM10 Particulate Matter (10 Micron) PTCL Pakistan Telecommunication Company Limited RoW Right of Way RAP Resettlement Action Plan __________________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK iii List of Abbreviation EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) Abbreviation Description RPF Resettlement Policy Framework Rft. Running Feet Sft. Square Feet SPM Suspended Particulate Matter SC Supervision Consultant SNGPL Sui Northern Gas Pipe Line SOx Sulphur Oxides TA Technical Assistance USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency WHO World Health Organization __________________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK iv Table of Contents EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) TABLE OF CONTENTS Volume 1 Sr. No. CONTENTS Page List of Abbreviation ii Table of Contents v Executive Summary ES-1 SECTION 1: INTRODUCTION 1.0 General 1-1 1.1 Proponent of the Project 1 -2 1.2 Overview of the Project 1-2 1.3 Scope of Study 1-2 1.4 Project Categorization 1-3 1.5 Standards and Guidelines 1-3 1.6 Components of The Report 1-4 SECTION 2: POLICY, LEGAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE FRAMEWORKS 2.1 General 2-1 2.2 Policy Framework 2-1 2.3 Regulations for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA 2-1 2.4 Regulatory Clearances, Punjab EPA. 2-2 2.5 Guidelines for Environmental Assessment, Pakistan EPA 2-2 2.6 National Environmental Quality Standards (NEQS) 2000 2-2 2.7 ADB’s Safeguard Policy Statement (SPS), 2009 2-2 2.8 Interaction with other Agencies 2-3 2.9 Provincial EPAs 2-3 2.10 Provincial Departments of Forests and Wildlife 2-3 2.11 Provincial Governments 2-4 2.12 Other Environment Related Legislations 2-4 SECTION 3: DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 3.0 General 3-1 3.1 Location of the proposed project 3-1 3.2 Project Component 3-2 3.2.1 Interchanges 3-2 3.2.2 Bridges 3-2 3.2.3 Flyovers 3-3 3.2.4 Rest Areas 3-3 3.2.5 Service Area 3-3 3.3 Project Right of Way 3-3 3.4 Construction Material 3-4 3.5 Engineering Cost Estimate 3-5 3.6 Construction Schedule 3-9 3.7 Construction Camps 3-9 __________________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK v Table of Contents EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) 3.8 Workforce and Machinery Requirements 3-10 SECTION 4: DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 4.0 General 4-1 4.1 Methodology 4-1 4.2 Physical Environment 4-2 4.2,1 Metrology 4-2 4.2.2 Air Quality 4-5 4.2.3 Noise 4-11 4.2.4 Surface Water & Ground Water 4-19 4.2.5 Topography & Geollogy 4-33 4.2.6 Seismicity 4-33 4.2,7 Agriculture and Crop Pattern 4-33 4.2.8 Industrial & Commercial Activities 4-33 4.3 Biodiversity & Natural Resources 4-34 4.3.1 Flora 4-34 4.3.2 Fauna 4-34 4.3.3 Wildlife Sanctuaries & Game Reserves 4-38 4.4 Socio-Economic Environment 4-39 4.4.1 Demographic Profile based on 2007 4-39 4.4.2 Settlement Patterns 4-40 4.4.3 Races and Tribes 4-40 4.4.4 Indigenous People 4-40 4.4.5 Caste System 4-40 4.4.6 Religion 4-41 4.4.7 Socio-economic Survey 4-41 4.4.8 Methodology 4-41 4.4.9 Analysis of the Respondents 4-42 4.4.10 Population Composition 4-42 4.4.11 General Profile 4-42 4.4.12 Respondents’ Age Group 4-43 4.4.13 Education Level 4-43 4.4.14 Social Amenities 4-44 4.4.15 Professional Status 4-44 4.4.16 Household Income Levels 4-44 4.4.17 Land Holding 4-45 4.4.18 Borrowing Status 4-45 4.4.19 Housing Characteristics 4-45 4.4.20 Gender Component 4-46 4.4.21 Culture and Tradition 4-46 4.4.22 Education Facilities 4-47 4.4.23 Roads and Communication 4-47 4.4.24 Concerns Regarding the Project 4-47 4.4.25 Resettlement Issue 4-47 4.4.26 Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO’s) 4-48 4.4.27 Socio-Economic Environment Conditions Prevailing in 2015 4-48 4.5 Socio-Economic Survey of Project Affectees 4-49 4.5.1 Consultation and Participation Process held in 2015 4-49 4.5.2 Demographic Profile based on Survey Results of 2015 4-50 __________________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK vi Table of Contents EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) 4.5.3 Gender Issues and Analysis 4-56 4.5.4 Access to Education and Health 4-56 4.6 Culture and Tradition 4-57 4.7 Public Concerns Regarding the Project Execution 4-57 4.8 Community Health and Safety 4-58 4.9 Physical Cultural Resources 4-58 4.10 Gender Issues and Analysis as per 2015 4-58 SECTION 5: PROJECT ALTERNATIVES 5.1 Alternative-1: No Project 5-1 5.2 Alternative-2: PindiBhattian to D.G. Khan Motorway (NHA Selected Alternative) 5-1 - Motorway Length 370 kms (approximately) 5.3 Alternative 3: PindiBhattian to D.G. Khan Motorway (Punjab Government 5-1 Selected Alternative) - Motorway Length 375 kms (approximately) 5.4 Alternative 4: Pindi Bhattian to D. G. Khan Motorway (BCEOM and NESPAK 5-1 Selected Alternative) – Motorway Length 405 kms (approximately) 5.5 Alternative 5: Sheikhupura – Multan – D. G. Khan Motorway 5-3 5.6 Alternative 6: Faisalabad – Khanewal Motorway (M-4) 5-3 5.7 Project Alternatives and Impacts on Environment, Social and Economic 5-4 Conditions 5.8 Selection of the Preferred Alternative 5-11 SECTION 6: ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 6.0 General 6-1 6.1 Project Corridor 6-1 6.2 Pre-Construction/Design Phase 6-1 6.2.1 Topography 6-2 6.2.2 Soil Erosion & Contamination 6-2 6.2.3 Land Acquisition 7 Resettlement 6-2 6.2.4 Flora 6-3 6.2.5 Change in Hydrologic Regime 6-5 6.2.6 Water Logging and Salinity 6-5 6.2.7 Restricted Area Problem 6-5 6.2.8 Public Utilities 6-5 6.2.9 Noise Problem 6-6 5.3 Construction Phase. 6-5 6.3.1 Topography 6-5 6.3.2 Borrow/Open Pits 6-5 6.3.3 Air Quality 6-7 6.3.4 Construction Waste Disposal (Wastewater, Oil, Solid Waste etc.) 6-8 6.3.5 Siting of Construction Camp &other Facilities 6-8 6.3.6 Soil Erosion and Contamination 6-9 6.3.7 Noise 6-11 6.3.8 Surface and Groundwater 6-13 6.3.9 Flora and Fauna 6-14 6.3.10 Social & Cultural Problems 6-15 6.3.11 Traffic Management 6-16 __________________________________________________________________________________________ EPHE Division/NESPAK vii Table of Contents EIA of Faisalabad-Khanewal Motorway (M-4) 6.3.12 Utilities 6-17 6.4 Operational Phase 6-17 6.4.1 Noise 6-17 6.4.2 Deterioration of Vehicles 6-17 6.4.3 Soil erosion & Contamination 6-17 6.4.4 Road safety 6-17 6.4.5 Landscaping 6-18 6.4.6 Land Use 6-18 6.4.7 Air Quality 6-18 6.4.8 Time Saving 6-19 6.4.9 Socio-economic Conditions 6-19 6.4.10 Water Quality 6-19 ECTION 7: ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 7.0 General 7-1 7.1