Workshop Summary Stacey Knobler, Adel Mahmoud, Stanley Lemon, Alison Mack, Laura Sivitz, and Katherine Oberholtzer, Editors Forum on Microbial Threats Board on Global Health THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001 NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. Support for this project was provided by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and Food and Drug Administration; U.S. Agency for International Development; U.S. Department of Defense; U.S. Department of State; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs; U.S. Department of Agricul- ture; American Society for Microbiology; Burroughs Wellcome Fund; Pfizer; GlaxoSmithKline; and The Merck Company Foundation. The views presented in this report are those of the editors and attributed authors and are not necessarily those of the funding agencies. This report is based on the proceedings of a workshop that was sponsored by the Forum on Microbial Threats. It is prepared in the form of a workshop summary by and in the name of the editors, with the assistance of staff and consultants, as an individually authored document. Sections of the workshop summary not specifically attributed to an individual reflect the views of the editors and not those of the Forum on Microbial Threats. The content of those sections is based on the presentations and the discussions that took place during the workshop. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Learning from SARS : preparing for the next disease outbreak : workshop summary / Stacey Knobler ... [et al.], editors ; Forum on Microbial Threats, Board on Global Health. p. ; cm. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 0-309-09154-3 (pbk.) ISBN 0-309-53034-2 (PDF) 1. SARS (Disease) [DNLM: 1. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome—prevention & control—Congresses. 2. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome—transmission—Congresses. 3. Disease Outbreaks— prevention & control—Congresses. 4. SARS Virus—isolation & purification—Congresses. 5. SARS Virus—pathogenicity—Congresses. 6. Socioeconomic Factors—Congresses. WC 505 L438 2004] I. Knobler, Stacey. II. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Forum on Microbial Threats. III. Institute of Medicine (U.S.). Board on Global Health. IV. Title. RA644.S17L43 2004 614.5'92—dc22 2004007115 Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624–6242 or (202) 334–3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu. For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu. Copyright 2004 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museum in Berlin. 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The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine. The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts and Dr. Wm. A. Wulf are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council www.national-academies.org FORUM ON MICROBIAL THREATS ADEL MAHMOUD (Chair), President, Merck Vaccines, Whitehouse Station, New Jersey STANLEY LEMON (Vice-Chair), Dean, School of Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas DAVID ACHESON, Chief Medical Officer, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland STEVEN BRICKNER, Research Advisor, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut DENNIS CARROLL, U.S. Agency for International Development, Washington, DC NANCY CARTER-FOSTER, Director, Program for Emerging Infections and HIV/AIDS, U.S. Department of State, Washington, DC GAIL CASSELL, Vice President, Scientific Affairs, Eli Lilly & Company, Indianapolis, Indiana JESSE GOODMAN, Director, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland EDUARDO GOTUZZO, Director, Instituto de Medicina Tropical “Alexander von Humbolt,” Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru MARGARET HAMBURG, Vice President for Biological Programs, Nuclear Threat Initiative, Washington, DC CAROLE HEILMAN, Director, Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland DAVID HEYMANN, Director, Polio Eradication Program, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland JAMES HUGHES, Assistant Surgeon General and Director, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia LONNIE KING, Dean, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan JOSHUA LEDERBERG, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Foundation Scholar, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York JOSEPH MALONE, Director, Department of Defense Global Emerging Infections System, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, Maryland LYNN MARKS, Global Head of Infectious Diseases, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, Pennsylvania STEPHEN MORSE, Director, Center for Public Health Preparedness, Columbia University, New York, New York MICHAEL OSTERHOLM, Director, Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy and Professor, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota v GEORGE POSTE, Director, Arizona BioDesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona GARY ROSELLE, Program Director for Infectious Diseases, VA Central Office, Veterans Health Administration, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC JANET SHOEMAKER, Director, Office of Public Affairs, American Society for Microbiology, Washington, DC P. FREDERICK SPARLING, J. Herbert Bate Professor Emeritus of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina Liaisons ENRIQUETA BOND, President, Burroughs Wellcome Fund, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina EDWARD McSWEEGAN, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Staff STACEY KNOBLER, Director, Forum on Microbial Threats KARL GALLE, Research Associate KATHERINE OBERHOLTZER, Research Assistant LAURA SIVITZ, Research Associate vi BOARD ON GLOBAL HEALTH DEAN JAMISON (Chair), Senior Fellow, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland YVES BERGEVIN, Chief, Health Section, UNICEF, New York, New York JO IVEY BOUFFORD, Professor, Robert F. Wagner Graduate