Page 1 SSATP – Rwanda - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Cities – December 2018 Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Cities of Rwanda Page 2 SSATP – Rwanda - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Cities – December 2018 Page 3 SSATP – Rwanda - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Cities – December 2018 Policies for Sustainable Accessibility and Mobility in Cities of Rwanda An international partnership supported by: Page 4 SSATP – Rwanda - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Cities – December 2018 The SSATP is an international partnership to facilitate policy development and related capacity building in the transport sector in Africa. Sound policies lead to safe, reliable, and cost-effective transport, freeing people to lift themselves out of poverty and helping countries to compete internationally. * * * * * * * The SSATP is a partnership of 42 African countries: Angola, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d'Ivoire, Djibouti, Eswatini, Ethiopia, Gabon, The Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Sierra Leone, South Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Tunisia, Uganda, Zambia, Zimbabwe; 8 Regional Economic Communities (RECs); 2 African institutions: African Union Commission (AUC) and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa (UNECA); Financing partners for the Third Development Plan: European Commission (main donor), Swiss State Secretariat for Economic Affairs (SECO), Agence Française de Développement (AFD), African Development Bank (AfDB), and World Bank (host); Many public and private national and regional organizations. * * * * * * * The SSATP gratefully acknowledges the contributions and support of member countries and its partners. * * * * * * * More publications on the SSATP website: www.ssatp.org The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed here are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the SSATP or its partners. © 2020 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank Group 1818 H Street, NW Washington D.C. 20433 USA. Page 5 SSATP – Rwanda - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Cities – December 2018 Table of contents Introduction ......................................................................................................................................... 18 1. Urban mobility issues in Rwanda ................................................................................................ 22 1.1 National urban development ............................................................................................ 22 1.1.1 National trends ..................................................................................................... 22 1.1.2 Rapid urban growth, especially in the Capital City ............................................... 23 1.2 Rapid Motorization growth............................................................................................... 32 1.2.1 Motorization trends ............................................................................................. 32 1.2.2 Strong measures for Road safety ......................................................................... 33 1.2.3 National roads network ........................................................................................ 33 1.2.4 Increasing Air pollution in Kigali ........................................................................... 34 1.2.5 Greenhouse gas emissions ................................................................................... 34 1.2.6 Data availability .................................................................................................... 35 1.3 Different Urban Mobility issues ........................................................................................ 37 1.3.1 Kigali: a transforming city ..................................................................................... 37 1.3.2 Main issues in secondary cities: Musanze case study .......................................... 43 1.4 National Context ............................................................................................................... 45 1.4.1 Legal framework: bias for action .......................................................................... 45 1.4.2 Main Actors in urban mobility .............................................................................. 46 2. Main findings in respect of urban mobility in Rwanda ............................................................... 53 2.1 Institutional framework for urban transport management ............................................. 53 2.2 Funding for urban transport management ....................................................................... 56 2.3 Civil society participation in urban transport management ............................................. 58 2.4 Multi-modal planning and operations for city centers ..................................................... 59 2.5 Public transport performance ........................................................................................... 63 2.6 National government support for urban transport management in secondary cities ..... 64 2.7 Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Transport .................................. 65 3. Recommendations ...................................................................................................................... 67 3.1 Presentation of the EASI Framework ................................................................................ 67 3.2 Recommendations in respect of Governance efficiency (ENABLE) .................................. 67 3.2.1 Institutional level .................................................................................................. 67 3.2.2 Financing ............................................................................................................... 72 3.3 Recommendations in respect of Land use efficiency (AVOID) ......................................... 74 3.4 Recommendations in respect of Multimodal Transport System efficiency (SHIFT) ......... 75 3.5 Recommendations in respect of Road space use and vehicle efficiency (IMPROVE) ....... 77 Page 6 SSATP – Rwanda - Sustainable Mobility and Accessibility Policy in Cities – December 2018 3.6 Synthesis of recommendation on suggestion of implementation ................................... 84 3.7 Outcomes of prioritization exercise undertaken in conclusion of the Urban Mobility Forum ................................................................................................................................ 88 4. References ................................................................................................................................... 89 Appendices .......................................................................................................................................... 91 List of Figures Figure 1: EASI, a conceptual framework to guide public action towards sustainable accessibility and mobility in African cities ........................................................................................................................ 18 Figure 2: Process and Methodology followed ....................................................................................... 21 Figure 3: Hilly geography of Kigali ......................................................................................................... 24 Figure 4: Unplanned residential settlement on Kigali's periphery ........................................................ 25 Figure 5: Kigali CBD with car-free street ............................................................................................... 25 Figure 6: Status of urban Master Plans in secondary cities .................................................................. 30 Figure 7: Main cities in Rwanda ............................................................................................................ 32 Figure 8: Classification of roads in the City of Kigali in kilometer ......................................................... 34 Figure 9: Transport modal shares in Kigali, Planning and Design of a Public Transport System for Kigali City ......................................................................................................................................................... 37 Figure 10: Map of Kigali ......................................................................................................................... 38 Figure 11: Cumulative number of Registered Vehicles in Rwanda ....................................................... 41 Figure 12: Marketing campaign to promote Car Free Days organised by the City of Kigali ................. 42 Figure 13: Map of commercial nodes in Kigali ...................................................................................... 42 Figure 14: Roadway and NMT facility improvement needed in some parts of Musanze ..................... 44 Figure 15: Dedicated moto taxi rank directly outside main Musanze public transport interchange ... 44 Figure 16: Timeline of urban mobility in Rwanda ................................................................................. 52 Figure 17: Financial flows in Urban Mobility in Kigali ..........................................................................