CHAPTER XIII. ADMINISTRATION Of^ GOVERNOR CASS. General Cass was made permanent Governor of Michigan Territory, and William Woodbridge, of Marietta, Ohio, was appointed Secretary. Mr. Atwater, who had left Detroit immediately after the surrender, never came back. The Judges retained their offices until the change in their tenure, created in 1823, by the act re-organizing the Territory. The war had scattered the people, and the population had fallen away considerably. It was CHAPTER XIII. not until peace was finally declared that the country was entirely relieved from the ravages of the hostile Indians. While most of them had DMINISTR TION G VERNOR CA .. made peace, and behaved reasonably well, the F Saginaw band of Kishkaukon was very trouble- some. Murders and outrages were committed in the immediate neighborhood of Detroit, and within GENER L CAss was made permanent Governor its corporate limits. The people, when they had a chance to reach the aggressors, followed them of Michigan Territory, and William Woodbridge, up vigorously. General Cass acted in these emergencies with great energy, and went out in of Marietta, Ohio, was appointed Secretary. Mr. person with the volunteers to chastise the marau- Atwater, who had left Detroit immediately after the surrender, never came back. The Judges retained their offices until the change in their tenure, created in r 823, by the act re-organizing the Territory. The war had scattered the people, and the population had fallen away considerably. It was not until peace was finally declared that the country was entirely relieved from the ravages of the hostile Indians. \i\Thile most of them had made peace, and behaved reasonably well, the Saginaw band of Kishkaukon was very trouble­ some. Murders and outrages were committed in the immediate neighborhood of Detroit, and within its corporate limits. The people, when they had a chance to reach the aggressors, followed them up vigorously. General Cass acted in these emergencies with great energy, and went out in p .rs n with the volunteers to cha tise the marau- Generated for asbigham (University of Michigan) on 2013-04-29 19:23 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t4jm2jr1s Public Domain / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd CHAP. XIII.] PEACE WITH INDIANS. 377 Chap. XIII.l PEACE WITH INDIANS. ders. After the failure of the Mackinaw expedi­ 377 ders. After the failure of the Mackinaw expedi- tion, no further attempt was made in that quarter tion, no further attempt was made in that quarter till the treaty of peace. Fort Gratiot, built at till the treaty of peace. Fort Gratiot, built at the place once occupied by Fort St. Joseph in the 17th century, was intended, like that, to control the place once occupied by Fort St. Joseph in the the passage to and from Lake Huron, as the northern Indians generally travelled in their canoes r 7th centu ry, was intended, like that, to control through the River St. Clair. On the 22nd of July, 181 4, Generals Harrison the passage to and from Lake Huron, as the and Cass made a treaty at Greenville, between the United States and the Wyandots, Delawares, northern Indians generally travelled in their canoes Shawanoes and Senecas on the one side, and the through the River St. Clair. Miamis, (known as the Miami Eel River and Weea tribes) and a portion of the Potawatamies, Ottawas, and Kickapoos, whereby it was agreed On the 22nd of July, I 8 r 4, Generals Harrison they should all make peace, and enter into alliance with the United States, acknowledging and Cass made a treaty at Greenville, between their supremacy. On the 8th of September, 181 5, Harrison, McArthur, and John Graham, made peace the United States and the Wyandots, Delawares, with all of those tribes, as well as with the Chippe- was, residing in Indiana, Ohio and Michigan. Shawanoes and Senecas on the one side, and the This was not signed by very many of the Chip- Miamis, (known as the Miami Eel River and pewa or Ottawa chiefs. Ok'emos signed it as a chief of the Ottawas. W eea tribes) and a portion of the Potawatamies, The treaty of peace with Great Britain did not put an immediate end to the bad feeling. Ottawas, and Kickapoos, whereby it was agreed This stipulated for the immediate restoration of all places captured, with all papers, public and they should all make peace, and enter into private, and for determining, by commissioners, the boundary line in those waters where the alliance with the United States, acknowledging position of islands or other difficulties made it their supremacy. On . the 8th of September, r 8 I 5, Harrison, McArthur, and John Graham, made peace with all of those tribes, as well as with the Chippe­ was, residing in Indiana, Ohio and Michigan. This was not signed by very many of the Chip­ pewa or Ottawa chiefs. Okemos signed it as a chief of the Otta was. The treaty of peace with Great Britain did not put an immediate end to the bad fe eling. This stipulated for the immediate restoration of all places captured, with all papers, public and private, and for determining, by commissioners, the boundary line m those waters where the position of islands or other difficulties mad it Generated for asbigham (University of Michigan) on 2013-04-29 19:23 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t4jm2jr1s Public Domain / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd 378 BORDER VEXATIONS. [CHAP. XIII. 378 BORDER VEXATIONS. [Chap. XIII. doubtful, and pledged each government to place doubtful, and pledged each government to place the Indians where they were In 1811. the Indians where they were in 1 8 r r. The British officers near Detroit paid no at- tention to the boundary lines, but pursued desert- The British officer near Detroit paid no at­ ers into the l-nited States, and on some occasions undertook to assert jurisdiction over x'\merican tention to the boundary lines, but pursued desert­ citizens on Grosse lie and in American waters. An Indian was killed at Grosse He in the act of ers into the United States, and on some occasions attempting to murder an American, and the com- manding officer at Maiden, Colonel James, directed undertook to assert jurisdiction over American an inquest, and offered a reward for the per- son who killed him. Governor Cass at once citizen on rosse Ile and in American waters. issued a proclamation enjoining the proper asser- tion and protection of American jurisdiction. An Indian was killed at Grosse Ile in the act of Colonel Butler, commanding at Detroit, had also occasion to hold a sharp correspondence with attempting to murder an American, and the com­ Colonel James, concerning various infractions of right. In addition to other grievances, it was manding officer at Malden, Colonel James, directed understood that Mackinaw was not likely to be surrendered, and that the Indians (which probably an inquest, and offered a reward for the per­ meant Dickson and the traders) meant to hold it. Maiden was retained until such arrangements son who killed him. Governor Cass at once were made as ensured the delivery of Mackinaw. On the first of July, 181 5, Maiden was turned issued a proclamation enjoining the proper asser­ over to the British, and an American force sailed for Mackinaw, and took possession. tion and protection of American jurisdiction. But the distance from headquarters, or some Colonel Butler, commanding at Detroit, had also other cause, rendered some of the British officers in this 'region extremely insolent, and for a year occasion to hold a sharp correspondence with or two there were continued aggressions. The American navy on Lake Erie had been dismantled, Colonel Jam es, concerning various infractions of right. In addition to other grievances, it was understood that Mackinaw was not likely to be surrendered, and that the Indians (which probably meant Dickson and the traders) meant to hold it. Malden was retained until such arrangements were made as ensured the delivery of Mackinaw. On the first of July, r 8 r 5, Malden was turned over to the British, and an American force sailed for Mackinaw, and took possession. But the distance from headquarters, or some other cause, rendered ome of the British officers in this •region extremely in sol en t, and for a year or two ther were continued aggressions. The American navy on Lake Erie had been dismantled, Generated for asbigham (University of Michigan) on 2013-04-29 19:23 GMT / http://hdl.handle.net/2027/loc.ark:/13960/t4jm2jr1s Public Domain / http://www.hathitrust.org/access_use#pd CHAP. X1II.] SEARCH OF LAKE VESSELS. 379 Ckap. XIII.] SEARCH OF LAKE VESSELS. 379 and the naval officers at Malden, in r 8 r 6, under­ and the naval officers at Maiden, in 1816, under- took to visit and search American vessels, under took to visit and search American vessels, under pretext of looking for deserters, thus renewing on the lakes the outraofes which had led to the war. pr�text of looking for deserters, thu renewing on General Cass, on being informed of these insults, wrote a strong letter to the Maiden officials, and the lakes the outrages which had led to the war. laid the matter before the authorities at Washing- ton, where no doubt the acts were repudiated, as General Cas , on being informed of these insults they were not repeated, and were probably ex- cesses of instructions and mere private impertin- wrote a strong letter to the l\falden officials, and ence. The intrigues with the Indians were kept up, both about Detroit and in the north, and laid the matter before the authorities at Washing­ American territory was used in that region for purposes very unfriendly to the United States.