SECOND WINCHESTER Winchester THIRD WINCHESTER FIRST WINCHESTER SECOND KERNSTOWN COOL SPRING FIRST KERNSTOWN CEDAR CREEK & BELLE GROVE CEDAR CREEK NATIONAL HISTORIC PARK Fighting commenced quite early this FISHER’S HILL Strasburg TOM’S BROOKE FRONT ROYAL Front Royal morning and cannonading has been going NEW MARKET BATTLEFIELD STATE HISTORICAL PARK NEW MARKET Luray on all day to the east of us on the Berryville New Market Road, but a mile or two from town... Harrisonburg Elkton Monterey CROSS KEYS McDowell PORT REPUBLIC MCDOWELL PIEDMONT Staunton Waynesboro inchester is in the northern, or lower, Shenandoah Valley. through the county courthouse, where their graffiti is still visible. The Formed by the Appalachians to the west and the Blue Ridge courthouse is now a museum open to the public, as is the house that Occupied Wto the east, the Valley shelters the Shenandoah River on its served as Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters the winter before his famous journey down to the Potomac at Harpers Ferry. 1862 Valley Campaign. Throughout the region, historic farms, homes, mills, and cemeteries, along with outstanding museums and interpreted The Valley’s natural corridor formed by the river also spawned the 19th Winchester sites, all help tell the powerful history and moving legacy of the war. century Valley Pike (modern-day US 11), along which both commerce and armies traveled. In contemporary times, Interstate 81 has Visitors can walk the battlefields at Kernstown, Cool Spring, and Second replaced the Pike as the principal transportation route, bringing both and Third Winchester and learn how Jackson, Robert E. Lee, Jubal Early, opportunities and challenges to the interpretation of Civil War history. and Philip Sheridan shaped the course of the war. Scattered throughout the region are the stories of the war’s effect on the Valley’s civilian To the embattled and hard-pressed South, the Shenandoah Valley was a population—how these families survived the personal and economic land of plenty—filled with grain, dotted with mills and linked by road devastation that war brought, and how they rebuilt their lives in the and rail with a main theatre of war across the Blue Ridge. The Valley years after the guns fell silent. also had abundant strategic options to offer to Confederate generals. Indeed, as Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson said, “If this Valley is You may want to begin your visit at the National Historic District lost, Virginia is lost.” orientation center in the Winchester area ( on the map, next page), which can help guide you to the host of sites where you can experience As a gateway to the Valley, Winchester became a battleground from including areas of Frederick and Clarke counties the region’s dramatic Civil War story today. the very beginning. Despite its great importance—or because of it— Winchester proved impossible to defend. The number of times the town changed hands during the war—perhaps more than 72 times—is today a matter of local pride. Today, vestiges of the Civil War remain in Winchester and Frederick and Clarke counties. The voices of wounded and captured soldiers echo Winchester 20 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org Fighting commenced quite early this Winchester Area morning and cannonading has been going Battlefields on all day to the east of us on the Berryville First Kernstown Road, but a mile or two from town... March 23, 1862 – Julia Chase, Winchester resident Jackson’s Valley Campaign September 19, 1864 First Winchester May 25, 1862 Jackson’s Valley Campaign Second Winchester June 13-15, 1863 Lee’s Gettysburg Campaign inchester is in the northern, or lower, Shenandoah Valley. through the county courthouse, where their graffiti is still visible. The Cool Spring Formed by the Appalachians to the west and the Blue Ridge courthouse is now a museum open to the public, as is the house that July 17-18, 1864 Wto the east, the Valley shelters the Shenandoah River on its served as Stonewall Jackson’s Headquarters the winter before his famous Early’s Maryland Campaign journey down to the Potomac at Harpers Ferry. 1862 Valley Campaign. Throughout the region, historic farms, homes, Rutherford’s Farm mills, and cemeteries, along with outstanding museums and interpreted The Valley’s natural corridor formed by the river also spawned the 19th July 20, 1864 sites, all help tell the powerful history and moving legacy of the war. Early’s Maryland Campaign century Valley Pike (modern-day US 11), along which both commerce and armies traveled. In contemporary times, Interstate 81 has Visitors can walk the battlefields at Kernstown, Cool Spring, and Second Second Kernstown replaced the Pike as the principal transportation route, bringing both and Third Winchester and learn how Jackson, Robert E. Lee, Jubal Early, July 24, 1864 opportunities and challenges to the interpretation of Civil War history. and Philip Sheridan shaped the course of the war. Scattered throughout Early’s Maryland Campaign the region are the stories of the war’s effect on the Valley’s civilian Berryville To the embattled and hard-pressed South, the Shenandoah Valley was a population—how these families survived the personal and economic September 3, 1864 land of plenty—filled with grain, dotted with mills and linked by road devastation that war brought, and how they rebuilt their lives in the Sheridan’s Shenandoah Campaign and rail with a main theatre of war across the Blue Ridge. The Valley years after the guns fell silent. also had abundant strategic options to offer to Confederate generals. Third Winchester September 19, 1864 Indeed, as Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson said, “If this Valley is You may want to begin your visit at the National Historic District Sheridan’s Shenandoah Campaign lost, Virginia is lost.” orientation center in the Winchester area ( ? on the map, next page), which can help guide you to the host of sites where you can experience As a gateway to the Valley, Winchester became a battleground from the region’s dramatic Civil War story today. the very beginning. Despite its great importance—or because of it— Winchester proved impossible to defend. The number of times the town changed hands during the war—perhaps more than 72 times—is today a matter of local pride. In the courtyard were two pieces of artillery, Today, vestiges of the Civil War remain in Winchester and Frederick twelve pounders, taken from the enemy. In the and Clarke counties. The voices of wounded and captured soldiers echo vestibule lay thirteen dead bodies of United States soldiers and the courtroom was filled to its capacity with wounded… – David Hunter Strother, Union staff officer March 1862 www.ShenandoahAtWar.org 21 Old Charl Winchester Area es Town Road Visitor Information 23 19 BATTLE OF 81 RUTHERFORD FARM 11 SECOND & THIRD ? ATTLES OF INCHESTER B d W R n r Exit 317 u b il Civil War Orientation Center & M 8 522 37 24 Third Winchester Winchester-Frederick County 17 11 Orientation Center 18 25 Visitor Center Red bud SECOND BATTLE Rd OF WINCHESTER 1400 S. Pleasant Valley Road Winchester, Virginia 22601 Martinsburg Pike26 THIRD BATTLE OF WINCHESTER 877-871-1326 50 Open daily – 9:00am to 5:00pm 7 Exit 315 37 Detail Map of Downtown FIRST & SECOND 27 Rd Senseny Rd y e BATTLES OF WINCHESTER ll a V 81 t n 6 a as Ple Civil War 11 Orientation Center ) Exit 313 22 de (Rt. 6 eek Gra Cedar Cr 50 17 13 Clarke County Area Amherst St. (US 50) Fairmont Ave. (US 522) N. Braddock St. N. Loudoun St. d R N. Cameron St. (US 11) dle Mid Piccadilly St. 15 National Ave. (Va 7) Valley Ave BATTLE OF 2 Boscawen St. BERRYVILLE FIRST & SECOND 522 3 1 7 14 Jones RdBATTLES OF KERNSTOWN Berryville 4 16 East Lane 21 9 Pedestrian Mall 20 Cork St. 7 10 22 5 340 81 BATTLE OF COOL SPRING 37 Boyce battlefield area 11 255 Stewart St. 11 Washington St. 340 17 S. Braddock St. 7 S. Loudoun St. Millwood S. Kent St. Exit 310 S. Cameron St. White Post Handley Ave. 12 50 ~ Civil War11 Trails Sites Millwood Ave. (US 50) ~ Pet-Friendly Sites $ ~ Admission Fee Valley Ave. (US 11) ~ Group Tour Arrangements Available 1 ~ Old Court House Civil War Museum 4 ~ National Cemetery Museum: 1840 courthouse used as prison and hospital during the Civil War. Cemetery: Final resting place for Union soldiers from the battles Exhibits include original soldiers’ graffiti on the courthouse walls and more of Winchester, New Market, Front Royal, Cool Spring, Harper’s than 3,000 artifacts. Ferry, Martinsburg, and Romney. 20 N. Loudon Street, Winchester • 540-542-1145 $ 401 National Avenue, Winchester • 540-825-0027 www.civilwarmuseum.org • Open Wed-Sat, 10am-5pm; Sun 1-5pm www.cem.va.gov/CEM/cems/nchp/winchester.asp 2 ~ Museum of the Shenandoah Valley Open daily during daylight hours. Museum: Complex that includes a historic house, six acres of spectacular 5 ~ Stonewall Cemetery, Mt. Hebron gardens, and a museum that tells the story of the Shenandoah Valley’s art, Complex history and culture. Museum offers 11 gallery rooms—including a Civil War Cemetery: Historic cemetery with gravestones dating to the 1760s, room—as well as a museum store and a café. including Civil War soldiers, generals, governors, and patriots. 901 Amherst Street, Winchester • 888-556-5799 $ 305 E. Boscawen Street, Winchester • 540-662-4868 www.themsv.org • Open Tues-Sun, 10am-4pm (Museum year-round; www.mthebroncemetery.org/history.html • Open during daylight hours. house and gardens March-November) 6 ~ Abram’s Delight 3 ~ Historic Old Town Winchester Interpretive Signage: Wartime experiences of the Hollingsworth family, 45-block National Register historic district and pedestrian walking mall filled who lived in Abram’s Delight, the oldest dwelling in Winchester.