Situation Assessment Report Faecal Sludge and Septage Management Uttarakhand State April, 2019 This is a Situation Assessment Report of Uttarakhand State with regards to Wastewater & Faecal Sludge Management based on qualitative assessment of five towns in the state representing the diverse conditions. It has state level and city level assessment with respect to wastewater and faecal sludge management. The findings of the study will be used for the preparation of contextualised training material for capacity building of concerned stakeholders like decision makers, engineers from para statals and ULBs, elected representatives, private sector etc. in Uttarakhand State. March 2019 © Ecosan Services Foundation, 2019 Drafted by: Mr. Abhishek Sakpal, Project Associate Mr. Saurabh Kale, Sr. Project Manager Mr. Dhawal Patil, General Manager – Operations Organization details: First Floor, 24, Prashant Nagar, 721/1, Sadashiv Peth, L.B.S. Road, Pune 411030, Maharashtra, India. In Association with: Contents Table of Figures ........................................................................................................................ I List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... V Glossary ................................................................................................................................ VII 1 Uttarakhand State Profile ............................................................................................... 1 1.1 Geography ............................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Climate ..................................................................................................................... 3 1.3 Demography ............................................................................................................ 4 1.4 Landuse .................................................................................................................... 6 1.5 Natural Resources .................................................................................................... 9 1.6 Urban Local Bodies of Uttarakhand .................................................................... 11 2 Urban Sanitation Policies, Laws and Governance ................................................... 15 2.1 Laws & policies on water and sanitation ............................................................ 15 2.2 Urban Development Directorate, Uttarakhand ................................................ 17 2.3 Uttarakhand PeyJal Nigam .................................................................................. 19 2.4 Uttarakhand Jal Sansthan .................................................................................... 21 3 Desk Research ............................................................................................................... 23 3.1 Main source of Drinking Water ............................................................................. 23 3.2 Access to sanitation .............................................................................................. 23 3.3 Types of sanitation system .................................................................................... 24 3.4 Wastewater conveyance .................................................................................... 26 4 Program and Schemes ................................................................................................ 28 4.1 Swachh Bharat Mission ......................................................................................... 28 4.2 AMRUT Program ..................................................................................................... 29 4.3 Namami Gange Program .................................................................................... 32 5 Liquid Waste Management ......................................................................................... 35 5.1 Sewage Management ......................................................................................... 35 5.2 Faecal Sludge and Septage Management (FSSM) .......................................... 41 6 Overview of Sanitation Situation at ULB level ............................................................ 46 6.1 Tehri ......................................................................................................................... 47 6.2 Chinyalisaur ............................................................................................................ 54 6.3 Rudrapur ................................................................................................................. 59 6.4 Jaspur ...................................................................................................................... 66 6.5 Pithoragarh ............................................................................................................. 72 7 Issues and Challenges – Liquid Waste Management .............................................. 81 7.1 Shit Flow Diagram .................................................................................................. 81 7.2 Sewered Sanitation System .................................................................................. 85 7.3 Non Sewered Sanitation System .......................................................................... 87 8 Way forward .................................................................................................................. 91 8.1 Economics of population ..................................................................................... 91 8.2 Solutions for FSSM ................................................................................................... 92 9 Proposed engagement under SCBP ........................................................................ 113 10 ANNEXURES .............................................................................................................. 114 10.1 List of Urban Local Bodies ................................................................................... 114 10.2 Swachh Bharat Mission Urban – Uttarakhand .................................................. 118 10.3 List of STPs under Pey Jal Nigam ........................................................................ 124 10.4 List of STP Under Jal Sansthan for Operation and Maintenance ................... 126 10.5 Flagship Programs of Uttarakhand State .......................................................... 127 10.6 Sewerage Project Details ................................................................................... 128 10.7 Consultations with State and City level officials .............................................. 130 Table of Figures Figure 1: Location of Uttarakhand State ............................................................................. 1 Figure 2 : Divisions of Uttarakhand ....................................................................................... 2 Figure 3: Geographical Map of Uttarakhand State .......................................................... 3 Figure 4: Urban Population Distribution in Uttarakhand ..................................................... 5 Figure 5: Landuse Map of Uttarakhand State (Source: Bhuvan, ISRO GeoPortal) ......... 8 Figure 6: Forest Cover Map of Uttarakhand State ............................................................. 9 Figure 7: Major and Minor River Map ................................................................................. 10 Figure 8: Map of ULBs in Uttarakhand State (2018) .......................................................... 14 Figure 9: Organogram for Urban Development Department, Uttarakhand ................ 18 Figure 10 : PeyJal Nigam organizational structure ........................................................... 21 Figure 11: District wise source of drinking water in Uttarakhand .................................... 23 Figure 12: Types of flush toilets prominently used in Uttarakhand .................................. 24 Figure 13: ULBs having piped sewer system in uttarakhand State ................................. 25 Figure 14: Dependence on various types of sanitation systems .................................... 26 Figure 15: Liquid waste conveyance in Uttarakhand state ............................................ 27 Figure 16: Snap shot of progress of Uttarakhand in SBM Urban (Ref: Status ttill May 2019, SBM-Urban) ........................................................................................................................... 28 Figure 17: ULBs under AMRUT in Uttarakhand State ......................................................... 31 Figure 18: Cities under Namami Gange Program in Uttarakhand. ................................ 33 Figure 19: Location of STPs and their design capacity in Uttarakhand State ............... 38 Figure 20: FSM Value Chain ................................................................................................ 41 Figure 21: Selected Cities for Situational Analysis Study in Uttarakhand ....................... 46 Figure 22: Location of Tehri, Uttarakhand ......................................................................... 48 Figure 23: Satellite Imagery of Tehri, Uttarakhand ............................................................ 49 Figure 24: Mobile toilets equipped with water storage and liquid waste storage tanks, Tehri NPP ...............................................................................................................................