CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT, FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE SCIENCE SCIENCE SERIES TECHNICAL REPORT Number 116 THE COASTAL FISHERIES OF ENGLAND AND WALES, PART IV: A REVIEW OF THEIR STATUS 1999-2001 M.G. Pawson, G.D. Pickett and P. Walker LOWESTOFT 2002 1 This report should be cited as: Pawson, M.G., Pickett, G.D. and Walker, P. (2002). The coastal fisheries of England and Wales, Part IV: A review of their status 1999-2001. Sci. Ser. Tech Rep., CEFAS Lowestoft, 116: 83pp. © Crown copyright, 2002 Requests for reproduction of material contained within this report should be addressed to CEFAS 2 3 CONTENTS Page 1. Introduction ...................................................................................................................................5 2. Fisheries management in England and Wales ............................................................................5 2.1 Legislature and institutes .......................................................................................................5 2.2 Restrictions on the use of fishing gear ..................................................................................6 2.2.1 Marine fish ................................................................................................................6 2.2.2 Migratory fish ............................................................................................................7 2.2.3 Shellfish ....................................................................................................................7 REGIONAL SECTION - BY SEA FISHERIES COMMITTEE DISTRICTS 3. Northumberland: Berwick to North Shields (Northumberland SFC) ..............................................9 4. Durham, Cleveland and Yorkshire: South Shields to Cleethorpes (North Eastern SFC) ...........14 5. Lincolnshire, Norfolk and Suffolk: Donna Nook to Shotley (Eastern SFC) ...............................22 6. Essex and Kent: Harwich to Dungeness (Kent And Essex SFC) .................................................30 7. Sussex: Rye To Selsey (Sussex SFC) ..........................................................................................37 8. Hampshire, Isle of Wight and Dorset: Emsworth To Lyme Regis (Southern SFC) ....................42 9. Devon, Somerset and Avon: Axmouth to Plymouth along the south coast and Clovelly to the Severn Estuary along the north coast (Devon SFC) ..............................................47 10. Cornwall: Rame Head To Bude (Cornwall SFC and Isles of Scilly SFC).....................................54 11. South Wales: Chepstow to Moylgrove (South Wales SFC) ..........................................................61 12. North Wales, Cheshire and Lancashire: Cardigan to Barrow (North Western and North Wales SFC) ...................................................................................................................66 13. Cumbria: Millom to Silloth (Cumbria SFC) ....................................................................................75 14. Conclusions..................................................................................................................................79 15. References....................................................................................................................................79 Appendix 1. The common and scientific names of fish and shellfish species mentioned in this report ...................................................................................................80 Appendix 2. DEFRA, SFC and EA districts of England and Wales................................................81 Appendix 3. The major crustacean fisheries of England and Wales.............................................82 Appendix 4. The major molluscan fisheries of England and Wales..............................................83 2 3 4 5 1. INTRODUCTION 2. FISHERIES MANAGEMENT IN This review updates the description of the inshore ENGLAND AND WALES fisheries around England and Wales provided in Gray (1995), which in turn succeeded Pawson and Rogers 2.1 Legislature and institutes (1989) and Pawson and Benford (1983). We have sought to retain the structure that started with Pawson All European marine fisheries are managed within the and Benford (1983), by providing a general overview Common Fisheries Policy (CFP), which was agreed of each fishery sector (demersal, pelagic, shellfish, between member states in 1983. This was reviewed and migratory species) within each of eleven regions, with a ratified by the Council of Ministers in 1992 (EC 3760/ résumé of the fishing activity undertaken from each port 92), and the European Commission is embarking on a or landing place within the region. Though we have further review in 2002. Through this policy, fishermen not replicated the descriptions of fishing gear given in from all member states have access to marine fishing Gray (1995), we have retained a brief discussion of the opportunities allocated as a fixed proportion - the management framework, and also show the distribution national quota - of total allowable catches (TAC), based of the major commercial shellfish species around on historic performance by species and sea area. The England and Wales in Appendices 3 and 4, as featured distribution of this quota within the national fishing in Pawson and Benford (1983). fleet is left to member states. Additionally, the amount of usable fishing power has been limited through Whilst previous reviews noted the steady increase in structuring (essentially, balancing the funding of new the relative importance of English and Welsh inshore vessels and decommissioning to achieve fleet capacity fisheries in the last quarter of the 20th Century, reduction), and the performance of the remaining fleets a comparison with Gray (1995) reveals a general is controlled by technical measures mainly aimed at downturn in activity in many of these fisheries. Some, protecting juvenile fish and shellfish. Enforcement of such as the eel trawl fishery in the Thames Estuary have the regulations of the CFP on British registered fishing almost lapsed due to a lack of resource, whilst others, vessels throughout the UK’s Exclusive Economic Zone exemplified by the coastal net fisheries for salmon, are is the responsibility of British Sea Fisheries Officers being deliberately phased out to protect resources. In (BSFOs) and officers of the Royal Navy Fisheries contrast, the production from inshore shellfisheries has Protection Squadron and Scottish Office Fisheries been maintained, and the fishing fleet in England and Protection Agency. Wales still contains a large number of smaller vessels capable of operating a wide range of fishing gears in Within the CFP, coastal states have preferential seasonal and opportunistic fisheries close to their home access to, and authority to manage, fisheries within ports. the Territorial Sea (12 nautical miles from base lines), subject to the basic regulations on TAC, quotas, non- This review is not restricted to the activities of these discrimination etc. Enforcement of regulations on all ‘inshore’ vessels, but is aimed at those people who vessels fishing in this band is the responsibility of require wider scale information on who exploits what, BSFOs. From the foreshore to 6 miles from baselines where and when and with which gear, at the regional around England and Wales, enforcement of fisheries level. We have found this knowledge to be particularly management measures is also devolved to sea fisheries important when considering the implications of committee (SFC) officers. There are 12 local SFC proposed area closures under recovery plans for cod and districts around England and Wales, which have the hake, for example. It is also highly relevant to those primary function of safeguarding the interests of the interested in the marine environment, in particular the local (inshore) fishing industry through the conservation impact of commercial fishing activity on the habitat and of coastal fish stocks and the management of fishing species communities. activities that exploit those stocks. For this purpose, each SFC drafts byelaws specific to their district, which Acknowledgements must be ratified by the Fisheries Minister. One notable addition to the CFP in 1992 was the requirement that This review has been updated through contact with fisheries managers pay due regard to the environment. officials of each of the twelve local sea fisheries To this end, SFC powers have now expanded to meet committees (SFC): Northumbria, North Eastern, Eastern, environmental responsibilities such as those required by Essex-Kent, Sussex, Southern, Devon, Cornwall, Isles the Sea Fisheries (Wildlife Conservation) Act 1992, and of Scilly, South Wales, North Western and North Wales, those attached to the management of special areas for and Cumbria, augmented by information provided conservation (SAC - Directive for the conservation of by colleagues in CEFAS, the Environment Agency natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora: 92/43/EEC) and DEFRA District fishery inspectors and officers. and special protection areas (SPA - Directive for the The authors wish to take this opportunity to thank all conservation of wild birds: 79/409/EEC). Henceforth, these individuals for their input, but we reserve any the composition of the SFC will include someone with responsibility for inaccuracies to ourselves. expertise in marine nature conservation. 4 5 In some river estuaries, e.g. all those in Cornwall, A new European Commission regulation (850/98), the Taw and