International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 12, December-2014 606 ISSN 2229-5518 Agro-tech in Malaysia and Literature Review Knowledge Sharing from Agro-Technology Using Nations Qurat-ul-ain Mastoi, Istikoma, Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan Kulliyah of Information Technology, International Islamic University MALAYSIA [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract— This paper demonstrates agriculture-technology in Malaysia and includes a literature review for some other countries. This study compares the Agro technology transformation program in several countries; Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, Israel and Malaysia. How are they improving their economy, though agriculture? The concept of advanced technologies in agronomic systems has been given a significant role in the improvement of agri- cultural creations e.g. sustainable agriculture, livestock production and Crop yield, in order to maintain food security. This paper illustrates what kind of enhancement needs to heighten the Malaysia economy through agronomy, sharing a knowledge of agricultural technology and exploring the reasons why the agriculture economy is back on the policy agenda of Malaysia. Keywords—Agriculture, agro, agronomy, boost, countries, economy, enhancement, modern, technology. —————————— —————————— 1. INTRODUCTION gies includes areas such as breeding, biotechnology, soil and Agriculture is the backbone of many economies which is fun- agricultural mechanization, nutrition management, and post- damental to the socioeconomic development of a nation be- harvest management. South Korea's agribusiness had numer- cause it is a major element and factor in national development ous innate issues. South Korea has been an uneven nation with (Ahmed, 1993). The main challenges are standard of living, just 22 % arable area and less precipitation than most other adequate food, shelter, a healthy and secured environment, neighboring rice-developing nations [6]. Israel is international- clean water, and first and most basic to human life and sur- ly known for its advanced agriculture technology. Thailand vival is food security [1]. Agriculture plays a crucial role in has about 208,000 square kilometers of farmland. About 10 % social and economic activities of countries, for instance, pov- of this is devoted to energy crops, but this amount is growing erty reduction [2].Technological change has given a new shape fast. To grow yields, the ministry plans to advance land-use to agriculture in the last 100 years. Previous research suggests efficiency while sustaining the level of energy crops. Thailand that agricultural growth reduces poverty because most of the is using the latest technology for harvesting crops and for the poor live in rural areas and they are highly dependent on growth of agriculture. In retrospect, Malaysia has marvelous agriculture for living expensesIJSER [3]. strengths in agriculture, large scale production of industrial Agriculture has been considered the hallmark of the first crops like oil palm and rubber as well as selected crops, and stage of development of any country. The aim of the paper is livestock, but current Malaysia needs to advance in agro-tech to learn how agriculture technology boosts the economy of the like other countries. country and in this paper we compare several countries for instance, Taiwan, South Korea, Thailand, and Israel with the 2. AGRICULTURE IN TAIWAN Malaysia agricultural transformation program. Likewise, as food constitutes such a high expenditure by the poor it is also Taiwan is a little island with a populace of just 23 million, yet delightful to imagine that lower food prices, would be poverty it acts as a stellar part in the international high-technology reducing [4]. The adoption of modern agro-technology gives industry and was rated as the world’s 25th-largest economy in tremendous benefit to boost national food security, boost earn- 2009. ings and foreign exchange earnings, through exports and en- According to the Council of Agriculture in Taiwan in 2014 courage industrialization all around the world and increase it stated that the foundation of the national organization of the number of farmers [5]. agrarian science and engineering expects to support advanc- Taiwan is using biotechnology to boost their agriculture ing Taiwan's farming inventive quality chain [17], with a spe- economy. The rapid growth in Korean agricultural technolo- cific end goal to lessen the immediate effect exchange liberali- zation has on Taiwan agribusiness. COA proposed inventive ———————————————— ideas planned to change the current generation approaches to • Qurat-ul-ain Mastoi is currently pursuing master degree program in In- "new value chain Agriculture" as its key destination. formation communication Technology in International Islamic University, In recent years, biotechnology has been applied in agricul- Malaysia, PH-+60172674846. E-mail:[email protected] • Istikoma is currently pursuing master degree program in Information ture and other fields and has gradually been taken seriously communication Technology in International Islamic University, Malaysia, worldwide (Sun 2006; Lee 2008). In the future, agricultural PH-+601128545667. E-mail: [email protected]. biotechnology will have a far reaching impact on increasing • Abdul Rahman Ahmad Dahlan is currently Lecturer in Information com- food production, protecting the natural environment and the munication Technology in International Islamic University, Malaysia, PH- +60192202032. E-mail:[email protected]. Earth’s resources, improving the quality of human life in Tai- IJSER © 2014 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, Volume 5, Issue 12, December-2014 607 ISSN 2229-5518 wan, and enhancing the well-being of farmers [7]. According ral creation and business sector costs [9]. to the council of agriculture, they start projects under Taiwan Agricultural Technology Foresight 2025 to boost the agricul- GRICULTURE IN OUTH OREA ture sector economy [8]. 3. A S K In 2012, Taiwan's aggregate horticultural creation was South Korea's economy is highly dependent on export as it worth NT$466.82 billion (US$15.77 billion), representing 1.90 supports a relatively rich society of 48 million people. The percent of the country's GDP. The main focus of the island’s country's rough mountains leave moderately little arable area agriculture has moved from traditional farming of staple crops region. Rice dominates crop production and has long been the to the creation of customer arranged and higher-esteem items staple food, and Korea has turned progressively to nourish- picked for their business sector potential [9]. The ample day- ment imports to fulfill customers' requests for more prominent light and precipitation means it is conceivable to reap rice up sustenance assortment, lower costs, and accommodation [12]. to three times each year. All fruits and vegetables are addi- South Korea is top ten markets for U.S. agricultural exports, tionally planted in a good way; Taiwan is portrayed by its dif- and the country's market for consumer-ready food items fering qualities as well as by their stated, astounding, high shows great promise. The rapid enhancement in agricultural dietary quality and high volume. Kaohsiung is accordingly technologies includes areas such as, breeding, biotechnology, overall situated to meet these needs. soil and nutrition management, agricultural mechanization, and post-harvest management. Korean agriculture fell down 2.1. Pingtung Agricultural Biotechnology Park in 1994, when South Korea joined the WTO and the Agree- In 2003 to foster the development of agricultural technology, ment on Agriculture, which effectually forced the regime to COA has been promoting the development of science parks in eliminate quotas and duties [13]. a move to transform Taiwan into an Asia-Pacific center for Korea took the Land Grant College system from USA in agricultural biotechnology and sub-tropical floriculture. 1947, which established the National Agricultural Develop- PABP is the only science park in Taiwan dedicated to agricul- ment Institute responsible for agricultural research-extension- tural biotechnology. PABP occupies a total land area of 233 education. This is a concept of transferring educational func- hectares and provides one-stop services including various tion to the Ministry of Education in 1949. Strong bonding be- governmental support, R&D funding, factory licensing, and tween research and extension resulted in the rapid transport international marketing aid. At end-2013, there were 78 park of farming technologies to farmers. Korea was able to achieve tenants in PABP categorized into six agro-bio clusters, namely self-sufficiency in rice with its Green Revolution in a short (a) functional foods and bio-cosmetics(b) aquaculture(c) breed- period of time. Seed yield and supply system were also assist- ing livestock and animal vaccine(d) green energy automatic ed by IBRD and advanced nations [15]. The purpose was to control facility for agro-use (e) bio-fertilizer and bio- increase the agricultural productivity and to improve agricul- pesticide(f) biotechnical service[10]. tural products’ quality [14]. Two major weaknesses existed in the South Korean economy. Initially is its overwhelming de- 2.2. Benefits of Agro-technology in Taiwan pendence on transported fossil energies (oil and gas). South The development work beganIJSER six years back with a pro- Korea is the second