H Chem Introduction to the Periodic Table and Metals and Nonmetals 2018 updated.notebook February 15, 2018 Periodic law: properties within groups regarding valence electrons emerge when elements are listed by increasing atomic number. Unit 8: The Periodic Table Aim: Patterns and trends among metals and nonmetals within the periodic table. Nov 3­6:47 PM Nov 4­3:08 PM Periods Groups Elements with the same number of valence electrons are placed within the chemical group. The same quantity of valence electrons results Elements in the same period have the same number of in the same type of ion formed due to similar occupied principle energy levels (also called electron shells). chemical properties. e­ config Nov 4­2:31 PM Nov 5­8:51 AM 1 H Chem Introduction to the Periodic Table and Metals and Nonmetals 2018 updated.notebook February 15, 2018 History of the Table The Modern Periodic Table Dmitri Mendeleev: Father of the Periodic table Mendeleev's table was close to the table we use today. Modern Periodic Table: Arranged elements by increasing atomic Arranges elements by atomic number. mass. Elements still are in groups by reactivity due to the similar He also put them in groups by reactivity. number of valence electrons. Nov 4­11:13 AM Nov 4­11:10 AM Metals are located to the left of the boron staircase, nonmetals are to the right. 75% of elements are metals. Metalloids are 6 elements located on the boron staircase HYDROGEN IS NOT A METAL It is only in group 1 because it Metalloid elements: ____________ has 1 valence electron. Nov 9­8:13 AM Nov 9­8:13 AM 2 H Chem Introduction to the Periodic Table and Metals and Nonmetals 2018 updated.notebook February 15, 2018 Properties of Metals and Nonmetals Properties of Metalloids (semi‐metals) Metals Nonmetals Ge • Mostly solid in phase (Hg is liquid) • Exist in all three phases (mostly Metalloids can behave as a metal or a nonmetal, depending • Lusterous gaseous) upon what type of element they are reacting with. • • Malleable and ductile. Dull, lacks luster. • • Solid in phase • Good conductors Brittle • Form cations or anions due to • Poor conductors • Semi­ conductors moderate electronegativity and • Form cations due to low • Form anions due to high • Brittle ionization energy. electronegativity and ionization; electronegativity and ionization; • easy to remove valence e­. difficult to remove valence e­. Semi­lusterous • Reactivity is based on ability to • Reactivity is based on ability to lose valence e­; when e­ are easily gain valence e­; when e­ are easily lost, the metal is highly reactive. gained, the nonmetal is highly reactive. Nov 9­8:17 AM Dec 7­1:28 PM Groups Transition Metals Properties of Transition Metals: Groups 3­12 • The representative elements on the periodic table are found in groups 1,2 and 13‐18. • Groups 3‐12 are called the transition elements or transition metals. • These elements stand out from the other groups because they do not follow the same patterns and trends with their valence electrons and reactivities. Nov 4­2:31 PM Lesson page 3 H Chem Introduction to the Periodic Table and Metals and Nonmetals 2018 updated.notebook February 15, 2018 Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Metals Group 1: Alkali Metals Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals Properties: Properties: Cobalt chloride, CoCl2 (aq) (red) Potassium dichromate, K2Cr2O7 (orange) Potassium chromate, K2CrO4 (yellow) Nickel(II) chloride, NiCl2 (green) Hi, I'm Stanley Copper(II) sulfate, CuSO4 (blue) Potassium permanganate, KMnO4 (purple) Nov 6­11:22 AM Lesson page Sodium and Water Halogens Experiment sodium.asf Group 17: Halogens Properties: • Phases: The halogens have elements in all 3 phases at room temperature. Nov 16­8:30 PM Lesson page 4 H Chem Introduction to the Periodic Table and Metals and Nonmetals 2018 updated.notebook February 15, 2018 Noble Gases Noble Gases: Group 18 Properties: Full clip Shortened clip ` Lesson page 5 Attachments Experiment sodium.asf.