SMITHSONIAN CONTRIBUTIONS TO BOTANY 0 NCTMBER 52 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Robinson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, andJames F. Weedin SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION PRESS City of Washington 1981 ABSTRACT Robinson, Harold, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin. Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae. Smithsonian Contri- butions to Botany, number 52, 28 pages, 3 tables, 1981.-Chromosome reports are provided for 145 populations, including first reports for 33 species and three genera, Garcilassa, Riencourtia, and Helianthopsis. Chromosome numbers are arranged according to Robinson’s recently broadened concept of the Heliantheae, with citations for 212 of the ca. 265 genera and 32 of the 35 subtribes. Diverse elements, including the Ambrosieae, typical Heliantheae, most Helenieae, the Tegeteae, and genera such as Arnica from the Senecioneae, are seen to share a specialized cytological history involving polyploid ancestry. The authors disagree with one another regarding the point at which such polyploidy occurred and on whether subtribes lacking higher numbers, such as the Galinsoginae, share the polyploid ancestry. Numerous examples of aneuploid decrease, secondary polyploidy, and some secondary aneuploid decreases are cited. The Marshalliinae are considered remote from other subtribes and close to the Inuleae. Evidence from related tribes favors an ultimate base of X = 10 for the Heliantheae and at least the subfamily As teroideae. OFFICIALPUBLICATION DATE is handstamped in a limited number of initial copies and is recorded in the Institution’s annual report, Smithsonian Year. SERIESCOVER DESIGN: Leaf clearing from the katsura tree Cercidiphyllumjaponicum Siebold and Zuccarini. Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Chromosome numbers in Compositae, XII. (Smithsonian contributions to botany ; no. 52) Bibliography: p. Supt. of Docs. no.: SI 1.29:52 1. Compositae-Genetics. 2. Chromosomes. 3. Plant cytotaxononiy. I. Robinson, Harold Ernest, 1932-. 11. Title: Heliantheae. 111. Series. QKl.S2747 no. 52 [QK495.C74] 581 81-607855 [583’.55] AACR:! Contents Page Introduction ......................................................... 1 Acknowledgments ................................................. 5 General Considerations ............................................ 5 Chromosome History of the Tribe .................................... 7 Ultimate Base Number of the Tribe .................................. 9 Review of the Subtribes .............................................. 10 AMBROSIINAE............................... 10 ESPELETIINAE...................................................... 10 MELAMPODIINAE.................................................. 17 POLYMNIINAE...................................................... 18 MILLERIINAE. ................................................. 18 DESMANTHODIINAE................................................. 18 CLIBADIINAE....................................................... 18 GUPlRDIOLINAE ..................................................... 18 ENHYDRINAE...................................................... 18 MONTANOINAE..................................................... 19 RUDBECKIINAE.................................................... 19 ZALUZANIINAE.................................................... 19 ECLIPTINAE........................................................ 19 NEUROLAENINAE.................................. 20 HELIANTHINAE.................................................... 20 GALINSOGINAE.................................................... 21 DIMERESIINAE.................................................... 21 COREOPSIDINAE.................................................... 22 FITCHIINAE......................................................... 22 COULTERELLINAE................................................... 22 PECTIDINAE........................................................ 22 FLAVERIINAE...................................................... 23 VARILLINAE....................................................... 23 CLAPPIINAE........................................................ 23 JALMEINAE ......................................................... 23 MADIINAE......................................................... 23 HYMENOPAPPINAE.................................................. 23 PERITYLINAE...................................................... 23 BAERIINAE......................................................... 24 CHAENACTIDINAE................................................... 24 GAILLARDIINAE.................................................... 24 MARSHALLIINAE................................................... 24 Literature Cited ....................... 25 ... 111 Chromosome Numbers in Compositae, XII: Heliantheae Harold Rob inson, A. Michael Powell, Robert M. King, and James F. Weedin Introduction with a nearly complete set at the Missouri Botan- ical Garden (MO). The present paper continues a series dealing The treatment of the tribe by Robinson (1981), with chromosome numbers of Compositae used as the basis for comparison in this paper, (Raven et al., 1960; Raven and Kyhos, 1961; recognizes 265 genera containing approximately Ornduff et al., 1963, 1967; Payne et al., 1964; 2970 species distributed in 35 subtribes. Included Solbrig et al., 1964, 1969, 1972; Anderson et al., are elements that have been considered as sepa- 1974; Powell et al., 1974, 1975; King et al., 1976; rate tribes beginning with the Ambrosiinae fol- Tomb et al., 1978) and is the first using a revised lowed by the typical Heliantheae in the palea- and broadened concept of the Heliantheae (Ro- ceous series. The system continues with Dimeresza, binson, 1981). Reports are provided for 145 pop- which is sometimes placed in the Inuleae, the ulations including first reports for 33 species and Coreopsidinae and Pectidinae, which have re- three genera, Garciiassa, Riencourtia, and Helian- cently been treated as tribes, and the epaleaceous thopsis (marked by asterisks in Table l), and the series, which includes many genera from the tra- cytological history of the tribe is discussed. ditional Senecioneae and most of the Helenieae. The new reports in this paper are based on The isolated subtribe Marshalliinae is treated material collected by R. M. King and counted by last. The tribe therefore is considerably altered A. M. Powell and J. F. Weedin. The chromosome from the traditional versions of Bentham and counts have been made from acetocarmine or Hooker (1873) and Hoffmann (1890-1894) and aceto-orceine squashes of microsporocytes in from the recent revised treatment by Stuessy meiosis. Voucher specimens of the King collec- (1977), though the latter has proved to be a useful tions are in the U.S. National Herbarium (US), source of data. The tribe is considered somewhat specialized in the family by Robinson (1981), in contrast to the central phyletic position proposed Harold Robinson and Robert M. King, Department of Botany, by Cronquist (1955). The morphological, ana- National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Wash- tomical, and chemical characters that serve as a ington, D.C. 20560. A. Michael Powell and James F. Weedin, Department of Biology, Sul Ross State University, Alpine, Texas basis for Robinson’s treatment are reviewed in 79830. that paper (198 1). 1 2 SMITHSONIAN COKTRIBUTIOKS TO BOTANY TABLE1 .-Chromosome counts, localities, and vouchers for species of Heliantheae (asterisk (*) = first report) Species n Localib and collection number Acanthospermum hispidum DC. 11 Bolivia: La Paz. 19 km from Chulumani, K7450 Alloispermum integrlfolium (DC.) 16 Guatemala: Chimaltenango. 8 km WSW of Chimaltenango, H. Robins. K7196 * Alloispermum scabrum (Lag.) H. Robins. 17-18 Guatemala: Alta Verapaz, 6 km W of San Cristobal \.’era- paz. K7113 * Alloisperum scabrum (Lag.) H. Robins. ca. 16 Guatemala: Quezaltenango, 20 km of Quezaltenango. K7256 Ambrosia artemrsiordes (W’illd.) Meyen & 18 Ecuador: Pichincha, 20 km S of Quito. K6615 Walp. Baltimora recta L. 12- 13+2-4” Guatemala: Escuintla, Escuintla, K7017 Bidens andicola H.B.K. 24 Bolivia: La Paz, 24 km from La Paz, K7411 Bidens andicola H.B.K. 12 Bolivia: La Paz. 30 km from La Paz. K7413 Bidens andicola H.B.K. 12 Bolivia: La Paz, 67 km from Chulumani, K7473 Bidens andicola H.B.K. 12 Bolivia: La Paz. 32 km from La Paz, K7498 Bidens andicola H.B.K. 12 Bolivia: Oruro, 32 km from Oruro, K7518 Bidens andicola H.B.K. ca. Ecuador: Azuay, 6 km SE of Cumbe, K6694 Bidens andicola H.B.K. 12 Ecuador: Chimborazo, 1 km W of San Juan, K6597 Bidens chiapensis Brandegee 23 Guatemala: Chimaltenango, 17 km N of Tecpan, K7075 Bidens ostruthioides (DC.) Sch.Bip. 12 Guatemala: Baja Verapaz, 3 km NE of Granados, K7086 Bidens pilosa L. 36 Ecuador: Azuay, 3 km E of Paute, K665 1 Bidens squarrosa H.B.K. 24 Guatemala: Sacatepequez. 1 I km N of Escuintla, K7176 Bidens squarrosa H.B.K. 24 Guatemala: Alta L’erapaz. 15 km W of San Cristobal Vera- paz, K7344 Bidens sp. 24 Bolivia: Cochabamba. near Parotani. K7572 Bidens sp. 34-36 Bolivia: Cochabamba, 26 km from Tolata, K7601 Clibadium anceps Greenm. 16 Costa Rica: Heredia. 2 km SW of Alto Gallito, K6805 Clibadium armanii Sch.Bip. ex Baker 16 Brasil: Bahia, 12 km from Ilheus, K8008 Clibadium armanii Sch.Bip. ex Baker 16 Brasil: Distrito Federal, 32 km N of bridge at Asa Norte, K8205 Clibadium armanii Sch.Bip. ex Baker 16 Brasil: Goias, 21 km N of .41to Paraiso, K8286 Clibadium glomeratum Greenm. 16 Costa Rica: