PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-FIFTH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE April 24-27, 2016 Vancouver, BC, Canada PROCEEDINGS OF THE SIXTY-FIFTH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE April 24-27, 2016 Vancouver, BC, Canada ©2016 Western Poultry Disease Conference 65TH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE IN MEMORIUM DUANE E. OLSEN Duane E. Olsen, of Lacey, Washington, passed away on Oct. 24, 2014. Duane was born Jan. 7, 1941 to Donald W. (Pete) and Eleanor Jean Olsen at Chehalis, Washington. He grew up on the family’s dairy farm on Newaukum Hill. Duane attended Napavine Schools and graduated in 1959. He attended and graduated from Western Washington (college) University, Bellingham, Washington and Washington State University's College of Veterinary Medicine where he earned his doctorate degree. Duane was dedicated to his work. His professional career included veterinarian roles with the WSU extension in Puyallup, Fors Farms, Foster Farms, and finally as general manager of Briarwood Farms in Rochester. He consulted throughout the U.S. and Canada. He also contributed frequently in governmental matters concerning the poultry industry, including serving on President Reagan's task force for avian influenza. Duane was highly regarded in his field. He loved to teach and on occasion argue. Dr. Olsen was a walking encyclopedia relative to information about poultry – truly a gentleman and a scholar. He will be missed by all who had the pleasure of knowing and working with him. iii 65TH WESTERN POULTRY DISEASE CONFERENCE IN MEMORIUM Donald D. Bell Don Bell was born on Dec. 17, 1933 in Santa Ana California, to Kenneth and Dorothy Bell and died on October 17, 2014. His childhood was spent in several California cities and early on, he showed a real talent for farming. As a teenager, he worked on the family dairy farm and raised cattle for 4H projects and at the age of 18, received the first of many statewide achievement awards for agriculture. He graduated from Turlock Joint Union High in 1951 and soon entered the University of California – Davis. His intent was to pursue dairy production, but, by the time of his graduation in 1955, he had discovered a passion for poultry production, to which, he devoted the rest of his life. While at UC Davis, he also found the love of his life, Lucy Justice, meeting her at a Cal Aggie Christian gathering. They were married on Sept 2, 1956, soon after his graduation from Davis with a degree in Animal Science. He later went on to receive a Master’s Degree in Avian Science from Colorado State University. After a stint in the U.S. Army, Don began his career with the University of California as a Poultry Farm Advisor with the Extension Service. He began in Orange Co. and later moved to Riverside and served there for his remaining 42 year career. Along the way, he was appointed as Statewide Poultry Specialist and continued his service to the industry, even long after his retirement in 2000. As an Emeritus specialist, he continued to advise, teach, and encourage a new generation of producers through his interactions and his research. During his career, his prolific writing and research projects provided much of the foundation for today’s modern egg industry. In addition to two major textbooks, it is difficult to find any specific topic in poultry that his work did not touch upon at some point. As one of the leading researchers in the field, he was in demand as a keynote speaker and spoke at events around the world. He also consulted with key people in the worldwide industry and government officials, on improving production and welfare of animals. All who heard him speak knew of his commitment to this subject and his helpful nature made lasting friendships in the farthest corners of the world. The hundreds of awards and recognitions for his knowledge and service is now part of his legacy. The phrase “What does Don Bell have to say about it?” has become part of the language of a generation of producers and researchers. One of his last projects was to establish an Electronic Resource Library for the Egg Industry. But, he was much more than just a researcher and teacher – he had a deep love of photography, art, food, history, and travel. He was also very active in the life of his church, serving as Deacon and Elder for the Riverside Calvary Presbyterian Church. His home was filled with mementos from his life and his travels. Many will remember him just humming a tune or whistling for the sheer pleasure of it as he worked. iv th 65 WPDC CONTRIBUTORS LIST (As of April 1, 2016) SUPER SPONSORS CEVA Animal Health Libourne, France BENEFACTORS American Association of Avian Pathologists Jacksonville, FL PATRONS Algal Scientific Corporation Huvepharma, Inc. High Hill, MO New Oxford, PA Alltech Hygieia Biological Laboratories Lexington, KY Woodland, CA Asociación Nacional de Especialistas IDEXX Laboratories, Inc. en Ciencias Avícolas Westbrook, ME México, D. F. Jefo Nutrition Bayer Healthcare LLC Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada Shawnee Mission, KS Maple Leaf Farms Cobb Vantress Leesburg, IN Siloam Springs, AR Merial Select Inc. Foster Poultry Farms, LLC Gainesville, GA Livingston, CA Zoetis Madison, NJ v DONORS American College of Poultry Veterinarians Elanco Jacksonville, FL Greenfield, IN Aviagen North America, Inc. G. Yan Ghazikhanian, DVM, PhD, DACPV Huntsville, AL Sonoma, CA Aviagen Turkeys Hy-Line International Lewisburg, WV Dallas Center, IA BioChek USA Corporation Laboratorio Avi-Mex, SA de CV Scarborough, ME Mexico City, D.F. California Poultry Federation, Inc. Merck Animal Health Modesto, CA Millsboro, DE Charles River Phibro Animal Health Storrs, CT Teaneck, NJ Chr. Hansen, Inc. Poultry Health Services, Ltd. Milwaukee, WI Airdrie, AB, Canada Cutler Associates International Preserve International Moorpark, CA Turlock, CA Diamond V Vega Farms Cedar Rapids, IA Davis, CA Veterinary Service, Inc. Salida, CA vi SUSTAINING MEMBERS Animal Health International Masakazu Matsumoto, DVM, PhD Ceres, CA Corvallis, OR Arthur A. Bickford, VMD, PhD Pacific Egg and Poultry Association Turlock, CA Sacramento, CA Canadian Poultry Consultants Richard Yamamoto Abbotsford, BC, Canada Davis, CA Marion Hammarlund Riverside, CA FRIENDS OF THE CONFERENCE Demler Enterprises Wasco, CA Lasher Associates Millsboro, DE J.S. West Milling Company Modesto, CA vii SPECIAL ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The 65th Western Poultry Disease Conference (WPDC) is honored to acknowledge the many contributions and support to the Conference. The financial contributions provide support for outstanding presentations and to help pay for some of the costs of the Conference, thus helping us to maintain a relatively low registration fee for an international conference. More than 30 organizations, companies and individuals have once again given substantial financial support. Many companies and organizations, including some that also contribute financially, send speakers at no expense to the Conference. We thank all these people, and acknowledge their support and contribution. Once again, the WPDC is forever grateful to our distinguished contributors and supports of the conference who are vital in making the conference a success. All our contributors and supporters are listed on the following pages. We greatly appreciate their generosity and sincerely thank them and their representatives for supporting this year’s meeting of WPDC. Many have provided special services that contribute to the continued success of this conference. For this year’s meeting, the WPDC has contracted Conference and Events Services, of the University of California, Davis, for providing budgetary and registration support for the conference. We would like to thank Ms. Teresa Brown for her exceptional work with our conference. We thank Dr. David Frame for editing and producing another outstanding proceedings of this meeting. Dr. Frame is indebted to Mr. Dana Frame for his meticulous proofreading and formatting the proceedings for publication. We express our gratitude to all authors who submitted manuscripts, and are especially appreciative of those who submitted their manuscripts on time. Once again, we acknowledge Bruce Patrick (Graphic Communications, Brigham Young University) for the front page cover design of these electronic proceedings. SPECIAL 30th ANNIVERSARY NOTE This year we had 109 printed manuscripts, which included invited speakers, oral, and poster presentations. I thank all authors for their timely submission of papers and for their patience in resolving any formatting challenges that may have occurred. Reflecting back on the evolution of the WPDC Proceedings, it is indeed obvious much progress has been made over the years. I still have vivid memories of visiting Rosy at his home with WPDC paraphernalia scattered in seemingly endless and random (although well-organized for Rosy) piles all over his dining room and study. I’m sure none of us can fully appreciate the amount of personal expenses incurred and hours spent in mimeographing, typing, proof-reading, copying, and mailing those early proceedings. A tremendous leap forward was made in 1986 by Dr. Marcus Jensen in making the printed proceedings available for distribution at the time of the actual conference. This was accomplished using a pioneering technique of collecting manuscripts through the infant World Wide Web. The added tasks of incorporating translated papers from ANECA and shipping the finished bound copies to Mexico made this accomplishment even more remarkable. Also during Dr. Jensen’s tenure, the formatting and proof-reading of the Proceedings were generally formalized. Dr. Craig Riddell aptly continued these services for the next four years after the retirement of Dr. Jensen. A 50th year anniversary CD was produced in 2001 containing all previous WPDC proceedings. In the wake of this accomplishment, a yearly CD was produced from 2002 through 2009 in addition to the traditional hard copy. Beginning in 2010 the CD was substituted with a removable flash drive. The last hard copy of the WPDC Proceedings was printed in 2013.