august 2013 www.cordaid.org BRIEFING NOTE EXTRACTIVES IN NIGERIA N Tahoua ig e FIVE FEATURES r NIGER CHAD Mao Illela Zinder Lake Niamey a Bol im Sabon-Birni Bisagana SOKOTO R Maradi be Yo gu Gwadabawa Goronyo B du u a Chad n m s o Wurno u Gumsi Damasak K r Sokoto Isa u Matsena Zari Daura Baga t o Jajibiriri o Ruma Nguru Gashua ok Bodinga Denge Moriki Katsina Kukawa Argungu S Babura Geidam Zurmi Birniwa a Yabo g Mongonu Kaura-Namoda Kazaure n KATSINA Gumel u B G a production profile Kaingiwa Talata-Mafara Kankiya Dapchi Gubio dd Birnin-Kebbi a Gajiram a ge Dambatta Hadejia ana g Maru re Dutsin-Ma JIGAWA G N Ngala Aliero Tambawel Yashi gu Fogolawa u Ran Zamfara Gabasawa Ringim ad Gummi Kaffin- m BURKINA Bunza Jega Gusau Kotorkoshi ejia Ko Dikwa Anka S Had Hausa BORNO o k Kankara YOBE Ndjamena o Kano t Zugu o Gaya Kamba Chafe Gwarzo Dutse Damaturu Ngamdu Maiduguri ZAMFARA Hazare Auno Gulumba ulbin Ka KANO Wudil Nigeria is the world’s twelfth largest oil producer, pumping Dakingari G Malumfashi Jemma Potiskum Marguba Bama Gana Aljenaari Mahuta Rano Fokku Dan-Gulbi Funtua Bakori Paki Yana Jalam Gujba Goniri m ra KEBI Zuru e Burumburum Birnin- s Kari d Gwoza Bagudo Wasaga Hunkuyi Kudu Faggo e Koko Duku Y Samaru Tundun-Wada la Buni-Yadi G ngo Damboa Madagali C alm Ikara Go Nig a Ningi h e Rijau Kwiambana Birnin Gwari K Darazo Jamari a Konkwesso r a s r n Bajoga Badir t i 2.5 million barrels per day (bpd) from reserves of 37.2b barrels Yelwa Ukata Zaria Soba o Rofia Mando Miya Duku M Birnin-Yauri l Askira a Agwarra Sabon Birnin Pambeguwa a r Ganga Rigacikun a w Anaba Gwari Biu d BENIN BAUCHI Zalanga a Uba Kainji Ibeto Rahama GOMBE H n Maroua Babana Kusheriki Kaduna 1594 Garkida a Kontagora a Reservoir g Alawa M i a Bara r dun Kajuru Lere a Bauchi Gombe Wara a a ng Bongor K u Mubi Bari M Dindima Shani Auna Kagara Shiroro B Alkalari Gombi as of 2011. Nigeria produced 1 trillion cubic feet of natural gas Oli Toro G KADUNA Kad Reservoir u Lugge Kumo o L n n og Tegina a Wawa Sarkin Pawa g o New Bussa NIGER 1781 Biliri o n Jos a l Kuta ol Kaltungo a é ong i Sorau Yashikera Kizhi Kachia Bukuru G Yuli j Djougou Zungeru Jos a ADAMAWA Gwada G Belel Kosubosu Eban Pizhi Kagoro Plateau 1698 Kaiama a Minna n Kafanchan 1625 Kutiwenji u Numan d Paiko Amper hi a Jemma Girei Garoua in 2011, good for 25th place globally. Its refineries run at about Parakou os K Bashar Zurak Pala M Mokwa Suleja Pankshin Namtari a B Okutua Kudu Gawu Lau Yola en a Langtang u r a e Jebba Bida Lapai e Zing s Kishi u u t Sinou Kutigi G n Mayo-Belwa Sokodé e Bode-Shadu Badeggi Agaie ABUJA Wamba PLATEAU B M Ilesha Ibariba Lafiagi Muregi Gudi Jalingo Jada a Lagdo Igboho FEDERAL Akwanga Kwolla ik Yelwa Kobi t Reservoir Igbeti KWARA Katcha CAPITAL TERRITORY Keffi n Pategi Sh Mutum Biyu la Shaki Ndeji Eggan e Shebshi one-fifth of capacity and it exported 98% of its oil and 69% of its Nassarawa NASSARAWA m A Buga a a w Moundou r Erufu N Abaji Assaiko n Gassol Ngol Bembo Mts a Ago-Are Baro k p OYO i a Ganye k Ilorin g a da Lafia r O e w r k a Dep Ta Kam 2042 Ajasse O M Obi ra Isanlu Budon Ibi ba Vogel Peak Ogbomosho Offa Omu- Egbe Koton-Karifi Awe TOGO Oke-Iho Bugana Bantaji Wasinmi Ikirun Ila Aran Umaisha Loko Tunga Toungo Iseyin Oyo Ilobu ue Wukari Beli a gas in 2009. But Nigeria has failed to meet reserve growth and Ijio EKITI Kabba Lokoja Ben Abejukolo Oshogbo K Donga Jamtari a Ede Dekina t Shintaku Makurdi s Iwo Ilawe Ado-Ekiti i n TARABA Ilesha Ikare Okene Ajaokuta Ayangba a-Ala Kado Zaki Biam Serti Mekkaw Ibadan Ife Oka Ankpa Boju-Ega Gashaka Igbo-Ora n Ikere gu Aliade Takum O a Baissia s Ikire OSHUN KOGI r Gboko Donga t Aiyetoro b Katsina- Alsuku Akure Owo Agenebode Idah a m Oturkpo m M 2418 production targets over the years. Insecurity has led to supply Shasha An G e l Abeokuta OGUN Ondo Auchi Otukpa BENUE Ala o t Gotel Mts Iperu S Bissaula i l Ifon u ONDO Obolo Ilaro k Shagamu Ijebu-Ode o Nsukka Irua Ikem Oju Gakem Gembu e Ekpoma Ilushi Ikeja Ikorodu ss Epe Kajola Ore O Adani ENUGU Ogoja Obudu Uromi 1821 National Capital (340,000 In 99) Porto-Novo Mushin LAGOS Kekki Lagoon Siluko a Mambila Mts Okitipupa EDO ANAMBRA Enugu Abakaliki Nkomfap Mbakaou disruptions, while corruption and regulatory uncertainty have Lomé Badagri Agweri Reservoir over 1,000,000 Cotonou Igbokoda Benin City Lagos Agbor Asaba Awka EBONYI Bamenda (Greater Lagos had a population Mahin Obubra GHANA Onitsha Awgu Afikpo Basua of 12,750,000 in 1999) S er Ikom l g a i Okigwi Ugep v Sapele Abraka Ihiala C r oss Lake of e N d over 600,000 C Jakpa Mgbidi Ohafia Ekang Bamendjing C. AFRICAN Kwale C CROSS o r Warri DELTA Umuahia o blocked exploration investment in oil and gas. Nigeria also has s Etiti , a s over 300 000 s Ozoro Owerri RIVER Ughelli Omoku ABIA Arochuku Oban Bafoussam REP. t Burutu Patani Ikot- , Bight of Benin IMO Ekpene Akamkpa CAMEROON over 100 000 Bomadi Elele o Aba m Ahoada I Itu ga other main city Ojobo RIVERS Uyo Calabar A na 2000 m Yenagoa Ikang Sa an underdeveloped mining sector. AKWA IBOM other city Oron 1500 m M BAYELSA Degema Bori Eket o Nembe Port Capital of State u Harcourt Opobo 1000 m Gulf of Guinea t h Bonny s Brass Kula 500 m o f i g e r t h e N Douala 200 m 0 km 60 120 180 km Yaoundé Malabo 100 m NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN EQUAT. GUINEA 0 m resource rich, development poor Bioco Nigeria pumped .015 bpd for every Nigerian in 2011, or about the same as New Zealand, at .012 bpd per Kiwi. Yet the oil sector accounts for 96% of export earnings and 87% of government revenues. Nigeria is perhaps the best-known case of ‘resource fuel subsidies curse’. The trade of stolen oil fuels an armed insurgency in Nigerian gasoline is the cheapest in West Africa, thanks to the Niger Delta, home to some 31m people. Attacks on oil consumer subsidies which keep domestic fuel prices artificially infrastructure and staff are common. The government earns low. The government spent $8.4b on the gasoline subsidy in more than $50b from oil annually, yet 85% of Nigerians live on 2011 despite budgeting only $1.5b. A 2012 parliamentary report less than $2 a day. Nigeria ranks 139th out of 176 countries on estimated that $7b was misappropriated from the subsidy the 2012 Corruption Perceptions Index. program between 2009 and 2011. The Budget Office director said in early 2013 that Nigeria’s oil subsidies were unsustainable and petroleum industry bill that the beneficiaries were “not the common man on the street”. First sent to the legislature in 2008, Nigeria’s new oil law was still in draft form by April 2013. It intends to boost exploration, opl-245 expand reserves and increase government share of revenue. The In April 2012 Shell and Eni paid the Nigerian government $1.1b bill will commercialize and restructure the state-run Nigerian for control of deepwater oil concession OPL-245. The government National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and also outlaw transferred these exact proceeds to Malabu Oil and Gas, a natural gas flaring. Some national assembly members have company controlled by Dan Etete, a former oil minister under disputed powers the bill grants the oil minister, however. dictator Sani Abacha who was convicted of money laundering Civil society groups advocate for inclusion of a well-managed in France in 2007. Global Witness said Shell and Eni’s payment host community fund and have expressed concern that could fall foul of anti-corruption laws, but both companies have transparency provisions have been watered down. denied knowledge of the money moving from the government to a third party. NIGERIANNigerian OIL oil AND and GAS gas FIELDS fields benin city NIGERIA warri owerri aba calabar oil field port harcourt gas field crude pipeline refinery export terminals NIGERIA CAMEROON NIGERIA EQUITORIAL CONGO GUINEA DEM REP gulf of guinea CONGO GABON EQUATORIAL GUINEA Gulf of Guinea ANGLOA source: platts FIVE MAJOR PLAYERS goodluck jonathan local companies The first president from the Niger Delta oversees an oil sector Shell, together with Total, began a divestment program plagued by mismanagement and corruption. He has made some in 2010 in which it sold 45% aggregate interests in eight attempts to reform the sector: his government removed fuel producing oil leases to Nigerian majority-owned companies subsidies in January 2012, only to partially reinstate them two including Seplat, First Hydrocarbon Nigeria, Neconde Energy, weeks later. He sacked the NNPC director for fraud in mid 2012. ND Western and Shoreline Power. The transactions had a He is also a key figure in sensitive regional politics between combined value of over $2b and could lead local companies, north and south. so far involved mostly in marginal plays in Nigeria’s oil sector, to eventually take on a bigger role. royal dutch shell Shell accounts for half of Nigeria’s oil production, and there neiti were 198 oil spills at its facilities in 2012.