REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND MTWARA-LINDI WATER MASTER PLAN REVISION Part: WATER SUPPLY VOLUME 2 STUDIES April 1986 A FINNWATER HELSINKI, THE UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA THE REPUBLIC OF FINLAND MTWARA-LINDI WATER MASTER PLAN REVISION Part: WATER SUPPLY VOLUME 2 STUDIES LIBRARY, INTERNATIONAL REFERENCE CENTRE FOR COMMUNITY WAT £R SUPPLY •.,.0 ^Ah ÏTATION (irtC) ;''.O. •:_!:;;< )3190, 2503 AD The : ivgue I..;!. (Q70) 814311 ext 141/142 H April 1986 A FINNWATER CONSULTING ENGINEERS HELSINKI, FINLAND MTWARA-LINDI WATER MASTER PLAN REVISION WATER SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT PLAN 1986 - 2001 VOLUME 2 STUDIES TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 INTRODUCTION 1 2 WATER SUPPLY INVESTIGATIONS 4 2.1 General 4 2.2 Village Survey 4 2.3 Piped Water Supply Schemes Inspection 5 2.4 Water Supply Situation 1984 6 2.41 General Water Supply Situation 6 2.42 Piped Water Supply Schemes 10 3 SURFACE WATER RESOURCES REVIEW 14 3.1 General 14 3.2 Meteorology 14 3.3 Precipitation 15 3.4 Hydrometry 15 3.41 General 15 3.42 Network 19 3.43 Flow Records 23 3.5 Surface Water Resources 24 4 GROUNDWATER RESOURCES REVIEW 26 4.1 General Hydrogeological Conditions 26 4.2 Hydrogeological Data 1976 - 1984 27 4.21 General 27 4.22 Shallow Groundwater 27 4.23 Deep Groundwater 31 4.3 Basement Study 32 4.4 Groundwater Potential 34 4.41 General 34 4.42 Masasi District 34 4.43 Mtwara District 36 4.44 Newala District 36 4.45 Kilwa District 37 4.46 Lindi District 37 4.47 Liwale District 38 4.48 Nachingwea District 38 LIST OF FIGURES No. Title Planning Area: Mtwara and Lindi Regions Mean Annual Precipitation 1936 - 1983 Precipitation during the Rainy Seasons 1976 - 1983 Precipitation during the Rainy Seasons 1976 - 1983 Hydrometric Stations Dam Storage, Shallow Wells and Precipitation in Masasi 1980 - 1983 General Shallow Groundwater Potential LIST OF TABLES No. Title 1 Main Water Supply Systems; Mtwara Region 2 Main Water Supply Systems; Lindi Region 3 Distance to Main Supply 4 Use of Different Types of Water Supplies 5 Water Supply Service Level 6 Main Complaints on the Water Supply Situation 7 Piped W/S Coverage 8 Sources of Piped Water Supply 9 Operation of Piped W/S 10 Climatological Statistics in Mtwara and Lindi Regions 11 Hydrometric Station 12 Periods of Hydrometric Records 13 Recorded Minimum Flows 1968 - 1983 14 Annual Surface Water Resources 15 Hydrogeological Zones 16 Handpump Wells Constructed 1976 - 1984 17 Water Availability in Hand Pump Wells 18 Reliability of Wells in 1983 Dry Season 19 Boreholes Drilled in 1976 - 1984 20 Yield of the Boreholes LIST OF APPENDICES No. Title 1 Village Questionnaire Form 2 Village Data Form 3 Basic Village Data 4 Selected Village Data 5 Piped Water Supply Questionnaire Form 6 Piped Water Supply Schemes 7 Precipitation Stations 8 Precipitation During Rainy Seasons 1976 - 1983 9 River Flow Data 10 Groundwater Quality Data 11 Borehole Data 12 Basement Study 1(2) ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AfDB African Development Bank AFYA Ministry of Health CCT Christian Council of Tanzania C.I. Cast Iron DED District Executive Director DP Domestic Water Point (public tap) DTH Down-the-Hole Hammer (drilling rig) DWE District Water Engineer EC Electrical Conductivity EEC European Economic Community FIM Finnish Mark FINNIDA Finnish International Development Agency FW Finnwater Consulting Engineers GDP Gross Domestic Product G.S. Galvanized Steel led Litres per capita per day MAJI Ministry of Water, Land, Housing and Urban Development ODA Overseas Development Administration (United Kingdom) O & M Operation and Maintenance PMO Prime Minister's Office Project Mtwara-Lindi Rural Water Supply Project PVC Polyvinyl Chloride RDD Regional Development Director RWE Regional Water Engineer TAS Tanzanian Shilling UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund USD United States Dollar WMP-77 The Mtwara-Lindi Water Master Plan (1977) WMPCU Water Master Planning Coordination Unit -1 - 1 . • .. • •• •.. • . • • , • •• • ••• INTRODUCTION The Mtwara-Lindi Water Master Plan Study was carried out in 1974-76 and a report was completed in 1977. The need to update the WMP-77 has already been recognized for some time and this work was included in the Phase III Programme of the Mtwara-Lindi Rural Water Supply Development Project. The importance of the updating was ernphazised during the evaluation of the Project at the beginning of 1994 and Terms of Reference for it were included in the evaluation report. Due to the financial constraints it was agreed that the revised plan shall deal with the water supply sector only. The objectives of the updating work were outlined in the evaluation report: (a) To update the assessment of both groundwater and surface water resources. (b) To assess the present level of water service and the relationship of this to the pre-Project level. (c) To make a proposal for the future water supply development, taking into account following aspects: .'•••- community involvement in Project activities, district focus (district and village councils), selection of suitable technologies, - the current national economic situation, - population growth since the 1978 census, any other local factor. The work was started in June, 1984 and was carried out by the Finnwater organization which has been strengthened by experts specifically assigned to this work. Co-operation with the local MAJI organization has been close and staff were made available for this work, particularly for the village survey. Contacts with the Water Master Planning Co-ordination Unit and other authorities especially on the regional and district levels have been frequent. -2- The Draft Interim Report including the assessment of the present water supply situation, the water resources review, water demand estimates and the proposed planning criteria was presented in May, 1985. The report was discussed and commented upon in May-July, 1985. The Draft Water Supply Development Plan including presentation of water supply methods and their costs, alternative projects, and the actual water supply development plan, was completed in October, 1985. The report was discussed and commented upon in December, 1985. This Final Report comprises three volumes: Volume 1 Main Report Volume 2 Studies Volume 3 Maps The area covered by the plan - Mtwara and Lindi Regions - is shown in Figure 1. -3- FIGURE 1 PLANNING AREA: MTWARA AND LINDI REGIONS 100 km LEGEND •_•_» international border »——•>_ Regional boundary _. — ._. Dlalncl boundary lwa Masoko Nachingwaa i NACHINGWEA ,' /MTWARA REGION -4- i: : : : 2 . • !•• . - ' .• • •• • •. • • ' ' • •' • .... • WATER SUPPLY INVESTIGATIONS 2JL General The aim of the investigations has been to establish a true picture of the prevailing water supply situation in different parts of the area. For that purpose following investigations have been carried out: village survey piped water supply schemes inspection Information gathered in the field has been checked and compared with the data collected from MAJI Headquarters and regional and district offices and from other regional and district authorities. Records kept by Finnwater have also been used. Aerial photographs taken in 1981 were used when locating the villages and settlements were pinpointed in. The water supply situation of the major urban settlements, Mtwara-Mikindani town and Lindi town were studied separately. 2.2 Village Survey During the village survey, practically all of the 900 registered villages were visited. In addition, about 200 sub-villages were also surveyed. The total number of sub-villages and other rural settlements is not known since their official status is not always clear, but their number can be estimated at around 700 -800. The survey was carried out between August 1984 and March 1985 by survey teams of 1 - 2 water supply technicians. The number of teams in the field varied from 1 to 3 at a time. During the survey, village officials were interviewed on the precise location, population, livestock, present water situation, future water supply, health, sanitation of the villages, village economy and willingness to participate in the water supply development. Water supply systems of the villages were also visited by the teams. The Questionnaire Form used in the survey can be seen in - 5 - Appendix 1. The data collected in the villages were checked and then processed by a computer. The format of the computer listing on which all that information is available, is reproduced in Appendix 2. The basic village data are presented in Appendix 3. Selected data are summarized in Appendix 4. Based on the results of the survey and other studies, the maps included in WMP-77 showing the villages and administrative areas have been updated. They are shown on Drawings 2, 3 and 4, 1:250,000, of Volume 3. Village survey can be considered fairly successful and the picture it gives on the water supply situation accurate, although mistakes can be found in the data of individual villages. Figures on population and livestock in particular, obtained from different sources, are often contradictory. 2.3 Piped Water Supply Schemes Inspection All the existing 143 piped supply schemes were visited by a senior officer between August 1984 - February 1985. During the visit, the different parts of each scheme were inspected and evaluated and the need and usefulness of rehabilitation was assessed. The form used in the investigations is in shown Appendix 5. The important data of the rural water supplies are in Appendix 6. The locations of the water supplies are shown on Drawings 7, 8 and 9, 1:250,000, Volume 3. There are a number of incomplete or fully abandoned piped water supply schemes in the area. Most of them were not included in the inspection. The same applies to those private water schemes which are of little public importance. 2.4 Water Supply Situation 1984 2.21 General Water Supply Situation The water supply situation in the area can be described in terms of water supply systems used by the people and by the levels of service of these systems.