ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14 15th Issue ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14. Directorate of Economics & Statistics Planning (Statistics) Department Government of Tripura, Agartala. www.destripura.nic.in www.ecostat.tripura.gov.in 1 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14 Sl.No. Chapter Page 1. ECONOMIC SITUATION 3 2. POPULATION 27 3. STATE INCOME 42 4. STATE FINANCE & PLANNING 52 a) State Finance 52 b) Planning 58 5. PRICE & COST OF LIVING 63 6. POVERTY, MANPOWER & EMPLOYMENT 71 7. FOOD, CIVIL SUPPLIES & CONSUMER AFFAIRS 90 8. AGRICULTURE AND ALLIED ACTIVITIES 97 a) Agriculture 97 b) Horticulture 117 c) Animal Resources 124 d) Fisheries 139 9. FORESTRY 144 a) Forestry 144 b) Rubber 151 10. CO-OPERATION 158 11. PANCHAYAT & RURAL DEVELOPMENT 177 a) Panchayat 177 b) Rural Development 186 12. URBANISATION 195 13. ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE 204 a) Power 205 b) Irrigation 211 c) Transport 217 d) Communication 218 e) Vehicle 219 f) Banking 223 14. INDUSTRIES & COMMERCE 227 a) Industries 227 b) H.H. & S. 243 c) Informaiton Technology 250 d) Tourism 255 15. EDUCATION 260 a) School Education 260 b) Higher Education 266 c) Social Education 274 d) Sports & Youth Affairs 278 16. HEALTH & FAMILY WELFARE 284 a) Health 284 C O N T E S C O N T E S C O N T E S C O N T E S C O N T E S b) Family Welfare 293 c) Drinking Water & Sanitation 298 17. WELFARE 306 a) Tribal Welfare 306 b) Schedule Caste Welfare 326 18. HOUSING 336 19. FUTURE ASSESSMENT & LOOK 341 PART- II 349 20. STATISTICAL TABLES 350 2 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14 PART-I 1) ECONOMIC SITUATION Background: Macro-economic performances, development stretegies and achievements of the State's economy during the fiscal year 2013-14 have been focused and analysed in this "Economic Review of Tripura, 2013- 14". It is the 15th in a un-interupted series, which put forward the analysis by sectors in different chapters especially for the fiscal 2013-14 with previous years references and trends for time series data as far as possible. Analysis have also been emphasised on the new initiatives, potential areas of development stretegies covering the existing eight districts as well as constraints faced in the process of economic prosperity of the State. The Government of Tripura has reorganised the administrative units in 2012 by creating 4-new Districts, 6-new Sub-Divisions and 5-new Blocks, in-oder to further decentralise the administration for better and effective delivery of services and effective implementation and monitoring of the development programmes. The State has now 8-Districts, 23-Sub- Divisions, 58-Blocks and 1-Tripura Tribal Areas Autonomous District Council (TTAADC) created under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution. State profile: Tripura became a full fledged State on the 21st January, 1972 and is the third smallest State of the Country located in the North Eastern Region. Eastwhile princely state of Tripura merged with the Indian Union after independence on 15th October 1949 and became a Union Territory without a legislature with effect from November 1, 1956 and a popular ministry was installed in Tripura on July 1, 1963. The State is surrounded by the neigbouring country Bangladesh on its south, west and north.The length of its international border with Bangladesh is about 856 km (i.e. about 84 percent of its total border), 3 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14 while it has 53 km border with Assam and 109 km border with Mizoram. Forest area is over 60 percent of its land use statistics and predominant, leaving only 27 percent land for agricultural cultivation. As a result, the State has become landlocked and hilly, with altitudes varying from 15 to 940 meters above sea level, though majority of the population lives in the plains. Till now, Tripura is connected with the rest of the Country by a lone National Highway-44, which runs through the hilly terrains of Cachar District in Assam and then to Maghalaya via its capital city Shillong for Guwahati again in Assam of the North Eastern Region. Tripura has a tropical climate and receives adequate rainfall during the monsoons. The State has situated between latitudes 22°56' and 24°32' North, and longitudes 90°09' and 92°20' East. It has an area of 10,491.69 sq. km. It has diverse range of topography, people, flora and fauna. Local flora and fauna bear a very close affinity and resemblance with floral and faunal components of Indo-Malayan and Indo-Chinese sub-regions. The State is located in the bio-geographic zone of 9B-North- East hills and possesses an extremely rich bio-diversity. There are 379- species of trees, 320-shrubs, 581-herbs, 165-climbers, 16-climbing shrubs, 35-ferns, 45-epiphytes and 4-parasites. Rare plants of Tripura have been put to 18 numbers. There are 266 species of medicinal plants in the State (68-trees, 39-shrubs, 71-herbs and 88-climbers). There are 90 mammal species in Tripura and in the aquatic ecosystem 47 species of fish have been found. Economy of Tripura is basically agrarian and characterized by high rate of poverty, low per-capita income, low capital formation, in-adequate infrastructure facilities, geographical isolation and communication bottleneck, inadequate exploitation and use of forest and mineral resources, low progress in industrial field and high un-employment problem. The prominent hill ranges of the State are Jampui, Sakhantang, Longtharai, Atharamura, Baramura, Deotamura, Belkum and Kalajhari. Betling Shib (939 meters), situated in the Jampui Range, is the highest peak of Tripura. The important forest products include Sal, Teak, Gamai, Gurjan and Champa. Bamboo is available in the State abundantly, and is traditionally being used for a variety of purpose by the tribal people. The Gumati, Howrah, Dhalai, Muhuri, Feni and Juri are the major rivers 4 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14 which swell in monsoon but become shallow during the rest of the year. Demographic profile: The Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India has released the provisional population figures for Census-2011.The population of Tripura for 2011 was 36,73,917, out of which 18,74,376 males and 17,99,541 females.The data of Census-2011 shows that Tripura ranks 18th in terms of density of populatin at all India level. Among the north- eastern states, Tripura remained the second highest populous State after Assam. The population density of Tripura in 2011 was 350 persons per sq. km., which means that 45 more people live in a sq. km. area in the State then they lived a decade ago. The population density for all India in 2011 was 324. The Census- 2011 data reveals that the sex ratio was 961 as against 948 (per 1000 males) in 2001. This is a positive improvement in sex ratio in the State and it rose from 945 (per 1000 males) in 1991 to 948 (per 1000 males) in 2001 and further to 961 in 2011. Literacy: The literacy and education are reasonably good indicators of development in a society. The literacy rate for Tripura in 2011 works out to 87.22 percent for the population 7 years and above, which was 73.20 percent in 2001 and 60.44 percent in 1991. The corresponding figures in 2011 for males and females were 91.5 percent and 82.7. percent, respectively. At the State level, gap in male-female ratio in the State has been reduced to 8.8 percent in 2011 as against 17.01 percent in 2001. Tripura has achieved a high level of literacy at all India level and ranked third among the States after Kerala and Mizoram in 2011. As per recent study conducted by the Indian Statistical Institute (ISI), Kolkata the literacy rate stands at 95.16 percent in 2013. The ISI, Kolkata has also appreciated the present level of literacy including the women literacy in the State. Scheduled Tribes: The population of Tripura is characterized by social diversity. The people of the Scheduled Tribes (ST) comprise about one-third of the population. As per Census-2011, ST population of the State was 11,66,813 which is 31.75 percent of the total population of the State. There are 19- sub tribes among the ST population of the State 5 ECONOMIC REVIEW OF TRIPURA, 2013-14 with their own cultural identity, namely i) Tripuri, ii) Reang, iii) Jamatia, iv) Chakma, v) Lusai, vi) Mog, vii) Garo, viii) Kuki, ix) Chaimal, x) Uchai, xi) Halam, xii) Khasia, xiii) Bhu tia, xiv) Munda, xv) Orang, xvi) Lepcha, xvii) Santal, xviii) Bhil and xix) Noatia. The following Table shows the key demographic issues of the State during 1951 to 2011. The Census-2011 data reveales that the overall ST literacy rate reached to 79.05 percent from earlier 56.50 percent in 2001. The ST literacy rate has significantly increased during intra-census period of 2001-2011 in the State,i.e, about 22.55 percent,which is quite impressive Schedule Castes: The Census-2011 data shows that SC population of the State was 6,54,918 (17.8 percent). The total SC male was 3,34,370 and SC female was 3,20,548. The demography of Scheduled Castes in the State is not confined to any particular 'paras' or 'bastis'. The SC literacy rate has increased to 89.45 percent in 2011 from earlier level of 74.68 percent in 2001. During intra-census period of 2001-2011 an increase of 14.77 percent is noticed for SC literacy. The following Table shows tentative district wise area, population, literacy, sex ratio and density based on Census-2011 final data.