Study Guide to The Latin Torah : Fresh Translations of Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy Care and Feeding of The Latin Torah Receive this book as an Honored Guest – after all, its earliest copy sat in the Ark of the Covenant. Set nothing else on top of it. Do not set it on unclean surfaces. Consider it holy, because the One revealed in it is holy. Act appropriately in its presence. Use it to bless. ©2010, John G. Cunyus All Rights Reserved to the English translations and comments. www.JohnCunyus.com. Study Guide to The Latin Torah, 2 Book Description for The Latin Torah The Latin Torah : Fresh Translations of The Latin version of the Bible, found in Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Codex Amiatinus, the world's oldest extant Deuteronomy represents the oldest portion of Bible (containing all the books in our the oldest extant Bible in the world. Torah , "consensus" Bibles, plus a few extras), was a Hebrew word meaning "instruction" or painstakingly crafted by Saint Jerome in the "teaching", is the Jewish name for the first late 4th Century of the Christian Era, at the five books of the Bible. This book of books apex of seven centuries of biblical scholarship and the God revealed in it are sacred alike to in many languages. Jews, Christians, and Muslims. The documents have existed in some form since In The Latin Torah , John Cunyus renders the reign of King Solomon, some ten Jerome's ancient, Latin version into centuries before Christ. contemporary English, in a verse-by-verse translation. Original Languages of the Old Testament: Hebrew Aramaic (five chapters in Daniel) Study Guide to The Latin Torah, 3 Divisions of the Old Testament www.JohnCunyus.com Torah Nevi’im Kethuvim “Law” (Continued) “Writings” “Instruction” “Books of Moses” “The Latter Prophets” Ruth Ancestor of David Genesis “The Major Prophets” *1 & 2 Chronicles Creation to the death of Joseph. Isaiah Israel’s genealogy and history th Exodus 8 Century Judah. Lamentations Enslavement to construction of Jeremiah Associated with Jeremiah and the Tabernacle. 7th-6th Century Judah. Jerusalem’s Destruction, 587 BC Leviticus Ezekiel Daniel Laws for approaching the Lord. 6th Century Babylon. God’s guidance in captivity. Numbers Ezra Israel’s struggles in the Return from exile in Babylon wasteland. *“The Minor Prophets” Nehemiah Deuteronomy Hosea Rebuilding Jerusalem after exile. Moses’ farewell address. Northern kingdom, 8th Century. Esther Amos Delivered the Jews Northern kingdom, 8th Century. from Haman. Nevi’im Micah Northern kingdom, 8th Century. Psalms “Prophets” Joel Associated with David. Post-exile Judah, 5th Century. Hymn book of “The Former Prophets” Obadiah the Second Temple. Joshua Judah, 6th Century. Story of the conquest. The “Wisdom Literature” Jonah Judges The story of the Great Fish. Job The Israelite confederation. Nahum *1 & 2 Samuel Associated with Solomon. Post-exile Judah, 4th Century? Samuel to David. Proverbs Habakkuk *1 & 2 Kings How to Succeed. Judah, 6th Century. Solomon to Jerusalem’s fall. Ecclesiastes Zephaniah What lasts and what doesn’t. Judah, 7th Century. Song of Solomon Haggai What true love looks like. Post-exile Judah, 6th Century. Zechariah Post-exile Judah, 6th Century. Malachi Post exile Judah, 5th Century. Collectively known as “The Twelve” in Hebrew. *Books marked with asterisk are considered as one book in the Hebrew canon. Study Guide to The Latin Torah, 4 Three Sections of the Old Testament Law, Torah, “Teaching” Amos, Northern kingdom, 8th Creation to Joseph, Genesis. Century. Enslavement to Sinai, Exodus. Micah, Northern kingdom 8th Rules for Approaching the Lord, Century. Leviticus. Joel, Post-exile Judah, 5th Century. Israel’s Struggle in the Wasteland, Obadiah, Judah, 6th Century. Numbers. Jonah, The story of the Great Fish. The Law’s Summary Prior to Nahum, Post-exile Judah, 4th Conquest, Deuteronomy Century. Habakkuk, Judah, 6th Century. Morality, Nevi’im, “Prophets” Zephaniah, Judah, 7th Century. A prophet is God’s instrument to Haggai, Post-exile Judah, 6th teach people right from wrong. Century. Former Prophets teach by Zechariah, Post-exile Judah, 6th example. Latter Prophets Century. teach by writing. Malachi, Post exile Judah, 5th Century. Former Prophets: The war for Canaan, Joshua. Wisdom, Kethuvim, “Writings” The tribal confederation, How to praise, Psalms. Judges. Why bad things happen, Job. Samuel, Saul, and David, 1 How to Succeed, Proverbs. and 2 Samuel. What lasts, Ecclesiastes. Solomon to Jerusalem’s What real love looks like, Song of Destruction, 1 and 2 Kings Solomon. How to endure, Daniel. Latter Prophets: What happened in Israel, 1 and 2 The “Major” Prophets Chronicles. During Israel’s destruction, How we survived Haman, Esther Isaiah. Purifying the priesthood, Ezra. During Jerusalem’s Rebuilding the city, Nehemiah. destruction, Jeremiah. Don’t be a bigot, Ruth. In exile in Babylon, Ezekiel. Life can be rough, Lamentations. The “Minor” Prophets Hosea, Northern kingdom, 8th Century. ©2011, John G. Cunyus All Rights Reserved to the English translations and comments. www.JohnCunyus.com. Study Guide to The Latin Torah, 5 Various Versions of “Old Testament” Scripture The Septuagint. This was the Bible of many The Apocrypha refers to books found in The of Jesus’s contemporaries. A collection of Septuagint, but not in the Masoretic text. Hebrew holy books was translated into Greek Catholics, Orthodox Christians, and from Hebrew beginning three centuries before Anglicans still use Bibles including the Christ’s birth. We get the title “Christ” from Apocrypha. the Greek word Cristo,j. used in the Septuagint to translate the Hebrew word, The Consensus Canon, is that which all four x;yvim' – Messiah – meaning “anointed.” bodies sharing these books (Jews, Orthodox Christians, Catholic Christians, Protestant The Vulgate. The Latin form of the Bible was Christians) hold in common. crafted in the late 4th Century of the Common Era, partly based on earlier Latin translations, The Latin Old Testament Project is and partly on St. Jerome’s new translations. translating the Vulgate editions of the This became the Bible of Western consensus, “Authorized”, English canon. Christendom, prior to the explosion of vernacular translations during the Reformation. The Masoretic Text. This is the standard version of the Hebrew Bible today. The Hebrew canon, closed at Jamnia in 90 AD, was an abridged version of that which was in The Septuagint. The Masoretes themselves were Hebrew scholars, who standardized the ancient text in and around the 10th Century of the Common Era. The Authorized “King James” Version. This is the Bible sanctioned by England’s King James I in 1611 AD on behalf of English-speaking peoples. It bases its Old Testament on the books found in the Masoretic text. Study Guide to The Latin Torah, 6 Order of Old Testament Books Greek, Hebrew, Latin, English Septuagint Hebrew Vulgate Authorized Version (3rd Century, BCE) (1st Century CE) (4th Century CE) (17th Century CE) Genesis Genesis Genesis Genesis Exodus Exodus Exodus Exodus Leviticus Leviticus Leviticus Leviticus Numbers Numbers Numbers Numbers Deuteronomy Deuteronomy Deuteronomy Deuteronomy Joshua Joshua Joshua Joshua Judges Judges Judges Judges Ruth Ruth Ruth Ruth 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 1 Samuel 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 2 Samuel 1 Kings 1 Kings 1 Kings 1 Kings 2 Kings 2 Kings 2 Kings 2 Kings 1 Chronicles 1 Chronicles 1 Chronicles 1 Chronicles 2 Chronicles 2 Chronicles 2 Chronicles 2 Chronicles 1 Esdras Ezra 1 Esdras Ezra Ezra Nehemiah Ezra Nehemiah Nehemiah Esther Nehemiah Esther Esther Job Esther Job Judith Psalms Judith Psalms Tobit Proverbs Tobit Proverbs 1 Maccabees Ecclesiastes 1 Maccabees Ecclesiastes 2 Maccabees Song of Solomon 2 Maccabees Song of Solomon 3 Maccabees Isaiah Psalms Isaiah 4 Maccabees Jeremiah Proverbs Jeremiah Psalms Lamentations Ecclesiastes Lamentations Odes Ezekiel Song of Solomon Ezekiel Proverbs Daniel Job Daniel Ecclesiastes Hosea Wisdom Hosea Song of Solomon Joel Sirach Joel Job Amos Hosea Amos Wisdom Obadiah Amos Obadiah Sirach Prologue Jonah Micah Jonah Sirach Micah Joel Micah Psalms of Solomon Nahum Obadiah Nahum Hosea Habakkuk Jonah Habakkuk Amos Zephaniah Nahum Zephaniah Micah Haggai Habakkuk Haggai Joel Zechariah Zephaniah Zechariah Obadiah Malachi Haggai Malachi Jonah Zechariah Nahum Malachi Habakkuk Isaiah Zephaniah Jeremiah Haggai Baruch Zechariah Lamentations Malachi Ezekiel Isaiah Daniel Jeremiah 4 Esdras Baruch Prayer of Manasseh Lamentations Epistles of Jeremiah Ezekiel Susanna Daniel Bel Study Guide to The Latin Torah, 7 What Is the Old Testament? (From The Jagged Edge of Forever: Deuteronomy, Daniel, The Minor Prophets) The Christian Bible is divided into two major Testament took place three centuries before sections, known as the Old Testament and the Christ, in Alexandria, Egypt. The Greeks, New Testament. What Christians know as whose cultural and political dominance swept The Old Testament is simply The Bible to the ancient Near East with Alexander of Jews. Four major religious groups accept The Macedon’s conquests in the 4th Century, BCE, Old Testament as scripture: Jews, Orthodox carried with them an intellectual curiosity Christians, Roman Catholics, and Protestants. about the peoples they conquered. One of the Ptolemies, Greek rulers who took over Egypt The Old Testament in the Bibles of Orthodox after Alexander death, was impressed by the and Roman Catholic Christians contains moral and ethical qualities of his Jewish several books not found in the Bibles of Jews subjects. Jews had lived in Egypt since the and Protestants. These books, known as the destruction of Jerusalem by the Babylonians Apocrypha, have come down to us in Greek, in 587 BCE, though their association with the rather than Hebrew, originals. The consensus place was far older. Old Testament, meaning the books held in common by all four groups, includes thirty- Ptolemy’s desire to know what set the Jews nine different books, making the Bible a book apart led him to commission a translation into of books. Greek, which became known as The Septuagint.