PREVILLE & ASSOCIATES CONSULTING GROUP (INTERNATIONAL) LIMITED REPORT PREPARED FOR THE ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES (OAS) Assessment of the Opportunities for the CARIFORUM Maritime Sector in Exporting Services to the European Union (EU) under the CARIFORUM-EC EPA DR. CLAUDIUS PREVILLE NOVEMBER 8, 2013 FINAL DRAFT 2 | Page Opportunities for the CARIFORUM Maritime Sector for Exporting Services to the EU under the CARIFORUM‐EU EPA – Prepared by Preville & Associates Consulting Group (International) Limited FINAL DRAFT Analysis of Maritime Services in the between CARIFORUM and Selected EU Members November 2013 3 | Page Opportunities for the CARIFORUM Maritime Sector for Exporting Services to the EU under the CARIFORUM‐EU EPA – Prepared by Preville & Associates Consulting Group (International) Limited FINAL DRAFT Contents Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................... 6 List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................. 7 List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 9 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................ 10 1. PROJECT OVERVIEW ............................................................................................................................ 14 1.1. Background of the Project .......................................................................................................... 14 1.2. Project Objective ......................................................................................................................... 15 1.3. Research Methodology ............................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Limitations of the Study .............................................................................................................. 16 1.5. Structure of the Report ............................................................................................................... 16 SECTION 1 ................................................................................................................................................... 18 2. AN INTRODUCTION TO MARITIME ..................................................................................................... 18 2.1. Maritime Services ....................................................................................................................... 18 2.1.1. Definition of Maritime Services .......................................................................................... 18 2.1.2. Global Outlook of Maritime Services .................................................................................. 22 2.1.3. Importance of Maritime Services to the Caribbean ........................................................... 25 2.1.4. International Legal Framework ........................................................................................... 26 3. KEY ISSUES FOR CONSIDERATION ....................................................................................................... 27 3.1. Caribbean Ports ........................................................................................................................... 27 3.2. Panama Canal Expansion ............................................................................................................ 33 3.3. Human Resource Development .................................................................................................. 34 SECTION II ................................................................................................................................................... 36 4. CARIFORUM ........................................................................................................................................ 36 4.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 36 TIER I COUNTRIES ........................................................................................................................................ 38 4.2. Bahamas ...................................................................................................................................... 38 4.3. Dominican Republic .................................................................................................................... 47 4.4. Jamaica ........................................................................................................................................ 51 4.5. Trinidad and Tobago ................................................................................................................... 62 TIER II COUNTRIES ....................................................................................................................................... 68 4.6. Antigua and Barbuda .................................................................................................................. 68 4 | Page Opportunities for the CARIFORUM Maritime Sector for Exporting Services to the EU under the CARIFORUM‐EU EPA – Prepared by Preville & Associates Consulting Group (International) Limited FINAL DRAFT 4.7. Barbados ..................................................................................................................................... 72 4.8. Belize ........................................................................................................................................... 76 4.9. Dominica ..................................................................................................................................... 79 4.10. Grenada ....................................................................................................................................... 81 4.11. Guyana ........................................................................................................................................ 83 4.12. Haiti ................................................................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.13. St. Kitts and Nevis ....................................................................................................................... 87 4.14. St. Lucia ....................................................................................................................................... 90 4.15. St. Vincent and the Grenadines .................................................................................................. 93 4.16. Suriname ..................................................................................................................................... 96 5. SELECT EU COUNTRIES ........................................................................................................................ 99 5.1. Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 99 5.2. Estonia ....................................................................................................................................... 105 5.3. France ........................................................................................................................................ 109 5.4. Germany .................................................................................................................................... 111 5.5. Italy ............................................................................................................................................ 117 5.6. Malta ......................................................................................................................................... 120 5.7. The Netherlands ........................................................................................................................ 123 5.8. Spain .......................................................................................................................................... 129 5.9. United Kingdom ........................................................................................................................ 132 6. THE ECONOMIC PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT .................................................................................... 137 6.1. Scope and Coverage of Maritime Services................................................................................ 137 6.1.1. CARIFORUM Members EPA Commitments ............................................................................... 139 7. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION .......................................................................................................... 163 Bibliography .............................................................................................................................................. 166 5 | Page Opportunities for the CARIFORUM Maritime Sector for Exporting Services to the EU under the CARIFORUM‐EU EPA – Prepared by Preville & Associates Consulting Group (International) Limited FINAL DRAFT Acronyms ACS Association of Caribbean States APORDOM Autoridad Portuaria Dominicana (Dominican Port Authority) BIA Bahamas Investment Authority