|RODS TEMPLE I NEW TESTAMENT isOCIATIONS AND 1 ACTUAL STRUCTURE IV. SHAW" ( » j i »; i ui iii ^ wltr? CORNELL UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Cornell University Library DS 109.3.C14H5 Herod's Temple : 3 1924 028 590 374 The original of this book is in the Cornell University Library. There are no known copyright restrictions in the United States on the use of the text. http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924028590374 HEROD'S TEMPLE —— — — — — . BY THE SAME AUTHOR THE TABERNACLE : Its History and Structure. With Preface by Prof. Sayce, D.D. Second Edition. 5S. Religious Tract Society, London. " Exhausts the subject." Scotsman. " Interesting, unconventional and original." Record. " A monument of research." Birmingham Post. " Deeply interesting : a new departure." The Chi-istian. SOLOMON'S TEMPLE: Its History and Structure. With Preface by Prof. Sayce, D.D. Second Edition. 6S. Religious Tract Society, London. THE SECOND TEMPLE IN JERUSALEM: Its History and its Structure. Illustrated with two large Folding Plans, each measuring 2ojns. by 15 ins., and six other Maps and Plans. Demy 8vo. 412 pp. Published at 10s. 6d. New Copies 5s. The Times Book Club, 376, Oxford Street, London, W. " He presents a mass of information which cannot fail to be of service to every student of the Bible." Expository Times, " _ Painstaking, illustrative, and suggestive as its predecessors. It is instruc- tive that an architect has been able to reproduce Ezekiel's design solely from the schedule of the ninety-six architectural measurements given by Ezekiel, which Mr. Caldecott has drawn up in his first appendix." British Weekly. LEAVES OF A LIFE. An Autobiography. Crown Svo. 208 pp. Paper covers, ls.net; cjoth gilt, 2s. net. Charles H. Kelly, 25-35, City Road, London, E. C SYNTHETIC STUDIES IN SCRIPTURE. With an Introduction by the Right Rev. the Bishop of Paper boards, Durham. 200 pp. 2s. 6d. net ; cloth boards, 3S. net. — From the Bishop's Introduction: "I strongly commend this varied and suggestive collection of essays to the reader who desires, on the one hand, to be set thinking for himself about the literary and historical phenomena of the Holy Book ; and, on the other, to have his conviction of its holiness and truth intelli- gently developed." OUTLINE LECTURE ON HEROD'S TEMPLE OF THE NEW TESTAMENT. With Frontispiece in black and gold, and Photograph of the Author's Model of the Temple. 1 6 pp. Crown 8vo, Is. This Model is on view in the Book Saloon at 2S--j=3 Citvy Road, London, E.C. i '."• s s ilSVC" ^** ?..-;. l^r?*^''^ S -~ffi-- ^j $SS3^/?7'>! dfirli-hsfWif^ HEROD'S TEMPLE ITS NEW TESTAMENT ASSOCIATIONS AND ITS ACTUAL STRUCTURE BY W. SHAW CALDECOTT AUTHOR OF ART. ' TEMPLE ' IN INTERNATIONAL STANDARD BIBLE ENCYCLOPEDIA I will not cease from mental fight, Nor shall my sword sleep in my hand, Till we have built Jerusalem In England's green and pleasant land. Blake. LONDON CHARLES H. KELLY 25-35 CITY ROAD, AND 26 PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. TO THOSE WHOSE DEVOTION TO THE ANCIENT FAITH MAY BE DEEPENED BY MODERN RESEARCH I DEDICATE THIS BOOK PREFACE TN the preparation of this book I have had some -*- assistance. From materials supplied to him for each chapter, my literary friend, Mr. Henry T. Hooper, has written up nearly the whole of the first part. Readers will benefit by the temporary ailment of my eyes which has made this a necessity, as Mr. Hooper's light and graceful pen will enable them to appreciate some critical points of exegesis and of description which have arisen in the course of the narrative. At the same time I have retained full control of the manu- script, so that I alone am responsible for every state- ment in it. If, in the previous three volumes of this series, we have what may be compared to the root, the stem, and the branch, in this fourth and last volume the flower is produced for which the others were brought into existence. Nothing would have repaid the labour of their preparation had not the writer had the theme of Herod's Temple in view, and had he not always hoped to end his researches in those holy courts where Jesus walked and talked. — vi PREFACE With the issue of this volume my ten years' onerous and self-imposed task is done. The last of the series of books on the sacred building of the Jews now leaves my hand, and does not do so without carrying with it some reminiscent thoughts. It was on retiring from the active work of the Christian Ministry that I found myself with broken health, unable to do much more than turn over the leaves of my study Bible. A series of coincidences some would call them providences—led me to study the metrology of the book, with the result that I arrived at the conclusion that the Biblical cubit had three distinct lengths, each one of which had a specific application which was never departed from. Having found a theoretical key, what so natural as to ascertain if it would fit the wards of a lock the bolt of which had been shot for centuries ? First experiments having been hopeful, other steps were taken, each of which tended to confirm my faith in the measures of the Senkereh Babylonian tablet and of the scale of King Gudea's palace as being those used in Palestine. To the Temple courts I gave a cubit of a foot and a half ; to the Temple buildings a cubit of a foot and a fifth, and to the golden furniture of the Sanctuary, a sacred cubit of nine-tenths of a foot. The data I had to work upon with these lengths, respectively, of 18, 14-4, and io-8 inches, were the particulars in Exodus of the — PREFACE vii Tabernacle, the 40 measures of Solomon's Temple, the 100 of Ezekiel's plan of the second Temple, and the 150 of the Herodian Temple, taken from Josephus and the Talmud. All these have now been co-ordinated and architecturally applied, with the result that no essential corrections have been found necessary in the Biblical records themselves, and no impossible demand is made by any of them on the builder or reconstructor. Whether this accumulation of evidence is sufficient to convince the archseologist—who is usually as shy of a new theorem as a nightingale is of a fowling-piece remains to be seen. To myself, while elaborating the process of recon- struction—in itself a delightful work—the argument has seemed to gain- strength, and I have felt like the builder of an arch of which the beauty and strength would not be seen until the keystone had been put in place. This monograph on Herod'sTemple is such a keystone, and it is with mingled feelings of regret at parting with an old friend and of hope that I have contributed to the solution of a great problem that I now take leave of my work. W. S. C. Silver How, West Cliff Gardens, Bournemouth. ' — — x CONTENTS CHAPTER IV The Historical Environment The documents—Josephus and Christianity—Pharisees— Sadducees—Essenes—Formulative history from 135 B.C. Roman overlordship—A temple court the focus of Jewish 28 social life—Synagogues PaS e CHAPTER V Process and Progress of the Building The Messianic expectation—Herod a poor substitute Naos built by priests in uniform—What that uniform was Stone from the royal quarries—No mortar used—The inner and outer veils of the Naos—Its completion—Wholesome Jewish views of labour—Building of the Hieron—Plundering of David's sepulchre—The affair of the golden eagle . 39 CHAPTER VI The Hope of Israel Benefits of mingling with New Testament people—Analogies of parish church deceptive—First scene in the Temple—The Zacharias story—Defence of Luke's mention of Cyrenius Presentation of Jesus in the Temple—A descendant of David —Slaughter of the Holy Innocents—Accession of Archelaus and the return to Nazareth ...... 50 CHAPTER VII The Ministry of Jesus in Jerusalem Mildness of Roman provincial rule—The boy Jesus in the Hieron—The Teaching Ministry of Jesus in Temple begins —A festival mart held in the great Portico—Jesus' expulsion of the hucksters—Discussion on the saying, ' Destroy this Naos ......... 62 CHAPTER VIII The New Teaching Characteristics of the new teaching—Instances of its incidental and sporadic nature—Jesus' farewell visit to the Temple Pharisees and publicans seen by Him there—His apocalyptic vision of the Temple's fall ...... 78 — CONTENTS xi CHAPTER IX Jesus Before the Sanhedrin The arrest—The first trial, before Annas—Peter's place at each of his denials of Jesus—The adjuration of the High Priest, Caiaphas—The prisoner found guilty of blasphemy—New charges against Him formulated for Pilate . Page 92 CHAPTER X Jesus Before Pilate The charge of sedition fails—Barabbas offered as an alterna- tive victim—Scourging and ridicule of the prisoner tried Charges of disloyalty and treason made against Him Threats of complaint to Rome—Pilate yields—Removal of the tribunal chair to the Temple pavement—Sentence pronounced ......... 105 CHAPTER XI The Temple in Apostolic Times Solomon's Portico the place of Pentecost—A scene at the Nicanor Gate of this Portico—Roman officers, Petronius and Cumanus—The affair of Agrippa's lounge—Paul's last visit to Jerusalem—Arrested on a false charge—A stone of the Soreg lately discovered . .114 CHAPTER XII The Beginning of the End The Lord's brother elected president of the Church—Party of the Zealots increasingly active—-Rapid succession of Roman procurators—Additional troops marched to Jerusalem Zealots occupy a part of the Temple—Civil war follows The three parties in Jerusalem .