26 Pohutukawa • Oi exposed coastal ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Back Boggy Escarp- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Dunes Area ment Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire ✤ ■ •• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa ♥■ ••••• • •• •• Small trees, large shrubs Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥ ■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Coprosma macrocarpa coastal karamu ♥ ■ •• •• •• •••• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥ ■ •••••• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree ♥ ■ • •• •• • •• •••• Dodonaea viscosa akeake ■ •••• Entelea arborescens whau ♥ ■ ••••• Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ •• • •• •• •• •• •• Leptospermum scoparium manuka ♥■ •• •• • ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi • •• ••• ••• • •• •• • Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •••• •••• ••• Melicope ternata wharangi ■ •••••• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe • ••• •• • •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ✖ ■ •••••• Olearia furfuracea akepiro • ••• ••• •• •• Pittosporum crassifolium karo ■ •• •••• ••• Pittosporum ellipticum •• •• Pseudopanax lessonii houpara ■ ecosystem one •••••• Rhopalostylis sapida nikau ■ • •• • •• Sophora fulvida west coast kowhai ✖■ •• •• Shrubs and flax-like plants Coprosma crassifolia stiff-stemmed coprosma ♥■ •• ••••• Coprosma repens taupata ♥ ■ •• •••• •• Coprosma rhamnoides • •• •• •• •• Corokia cotoneaster bluff korokio ✤ ■ •• • Freycinetia baueriana kiekie •• Hebe macrocarpa koromiko • •• • •• Melicope simplex poataniwha ••••• Ozothamnus leptophylla tauhinu ♥■ •• • •• •• • Phormium cookianum wharariki, coastal flax ♥■ •• ••• ••• ••• Phormium tenax harakeke, flax ♥■ ••• ••• •• ••• Rhabdothamnus solandri taurepo •• Vines and trailers Metrosideros perforata akatea, small white rata •• •• •• 27 KEY ܘ fully tolerant ◗ tolerates some ܛ not tolerant ❖ tolerates shade during establishment ܓ needs some shade to establish Tolerance Planting notes, comments Sun Shade Dry Moist Boggy Poor Harsh clay wind ܘܘܓܛܘܛܛ ◗ Natural neighbours, these medium trees (except taraire) ܘܘܓ◗ ܘܛܛ ◗ often form groves, ie. a monocultural canopy. ܘܛܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܛܘܘܛܘܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘܘ The understory of these groves is often kawakawa, hange- ܘ ◗◗ܘܛ ◗◗ hange, nikau and houpara. ܘܘܘܘܛܘ◗ ܘ ◗◗ܘܘ ◗ ܘ ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛܛܛ ܘܘܘܘܛ◗◗ ܘܛܘܘܘܛܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܛ ◗ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܛܛ ◗ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛ ◗◗ ܘܘ◗ ܘܛ ◗◗ ܘܛܘܘܛ◗ ܘ ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ ܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܛ ◗ ܛ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛܛܘ ܛܓܛܘ◗ ܛ ◗ ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܛ ◗ ܘܘܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܘܘܘܛܘܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܘܛܘܘܛ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܛܘ◗ ܛܘܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܛ◗ ܘܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܘ ◗ ܛܛܛ ܘܓܘ◗ ܘܛܛܘ 28 Pohutukawa • Oi exposedPohutukawa coastal ecosystem • Oi KEY ܘ fully tolerant ◗ tolerates some ܛ not tolerant ♥ Nurse plant ❖ tolerates shade during establishment ܓ needs some shade to establish Tolerance Sun Shade Dry Moist Boggy Poor Harsh clay wind Ferns Adiantium aethiopicummakaka, maidenhair (round-leaved) ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܛܛܛ Adiantium cunninghamii common maidenhair ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܛܛܛ Adiantium hispidulum rosy maidenhair ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܛܛ Asplenium appendiculatum spp maritimum ◗ ܘܘܘܛܛܛ Asplenium flabellifolium necklace fern ܘܛܘܘܛܘܘ Asplenium northlandicum leather-leaf asplenum ܘܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܛ Blechnum blechnoides coastal blechnum ܘܘ ◗ ܘܛܛܛ Blechnum membranaceum ܛܘܛܘܛܛܛ Blechnum novae-zealandiae kiokio ♥ ■ ◗ ܘܛܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ Doodia australis pukupuku ܘܘܘܘܛܛܘ Hypolepis dicksonioides giant hypolepis ܘ ◗◗ܘܛܛܛ Lindsaea linearis ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܛ◗ Pellaea falcata ܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܛܛܘ Polystichum neozelandicum tutoke, shield fern ◗ ܛ ◗ ܘܛܛ ◗ Polystichum wawranum tutoke, shield fern ◗ ܛ ◗ ܘܛܛ ◗ Pteridium esculentum bracken ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛ◗ ܘ Pteris comans NZ coastal brake ◗◗◗ܘܛܛܛ Pteris macilenta ܛܘܛܘܛܛܛ Low ground plants etc Astelia banksii coastal astelia ܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܛܛܘ Calystegia soldanella nihinihi, shore bindweed ܘܛܛ◗ ܘܛܛܛ Celmisia major var. major Waitakere rock daisy ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ ecosystem one Centella uniflora marsh pennywort ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘܘ Coprosma acerosa sand coprosma ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ Cordyline pumilio ti rauriki, dwarf cabbage tree ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘ◗ Cotula coronopifolia bachelor’s buttons ܘܛܛܘܘܛܘ Dianella nigra turutu, NZ blueberry ܘܘܘܘܛܘ◗ Dichondra repens mercury bay weed ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܛܘ Disphyma australe horokaka, NZ iceplant ܘܛܘܛܛܛܘ Hebe bishopiana Huia hebe ܘܛ ◗ ܘܛܛܘ Hebe obtusata west coast cliff hebe ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ Leucopogon fraseri patotara ܘܛܘܘܛܛܘ Muehlenbeckia complexa pohuehue ܘܛܘܘܘܛܘ Nertera depressa nertera ܘܘܛ ܘ ◗ ܛ ◗ Peperomia urvilleana ◗ ܘܘܘܛܛ◗ Samolus repens shore pimpernel ܘܛܛܘ ◗ ܛܘ Scandia rosifolia coastal angelica ܘܛ ◗ ܘܛܛܘ Selliera radicans remuremu ܘܛ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܛܘ Tetragonia implexicoma NZ spinach ܘ ◗◗ܘܛܛܘ 29 KEY ܘ fully tolerant ◗ tolerates some ܛ not tolerant ♥ Nurse plant ❖ tolerates shade during establishment ܓ needs some shade to establish Tolerance Sun Shade Dry Moist Boggy Poor Harsh clay wind Grasses, Sedges, Rushes Apodasmia similis oioi, jointed rush ܘ ◗◗ܘܘܛܘ Austrofestuca littoralis sand tussock ܘܛܘ ◗ ܛܛ◗ Carex lambertiana ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܛ◗ ܛ Carex secta pukio ܘ ◗ ܛܛܘܛ◗ Carex solandri ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܛܛܛ Carex raotest orange dune sedge ◗ ܘܘܘܛܛܘ Carex virgata ܘܘܛ ܘܘ◗◗ Cortaderia splendens coastal toetoe ♥ ܘܛܘܘܛܘܘ Cyperus ustulatus upoko tangata, giant umbrella sedge ܘܛܛܘܘܛܘ Desmoschoenus spiralis pingao ܘܛܘ ◗ ܛܛܘ Gahnia lacera bamboo cutty grass ◗ ܘܘܘܛܘ◗ Juncus pallidus giant rush ܘܛ ◗ ܘܘܘܛ Microlaena polynoda bamboo rice grass ܘ◗ ܘ◗ ܘܛܛܛ◗ Microlaena stipoides rice grass ܘܘܘ ܛܛܘܘ Poa anceps plumed tussock ܘ ܘ◗ ܘܘܛܛܘ Spinifex sericeus kowhangatara, silver sand grass ܘ ܛ ܘܘܛܛ ܘ Planting notes, comments Coastal Plants: Pingao grows in shifting sand. Silver sand grass, sand tussock and tauhinu (Ozothamnus leptophylla) grow in settled sand. Horokaka, shore pimpernel and remuremu naturally grow at the high tide mark, but wil also grow in sandy gardens. Carex secta only grows in still, not flowing, water Carex virgata grows in flowing water and areas prone to flooding. C. virgata is more commonly found and has a wider habitat range than C. secta. 30 Manukau • Kahu stormy coastal hills ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites only epiphyte For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Gully Boggy Rock- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Head Area land Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Tall trees Agathis australis kauri •• • •• • Dacrycarpus dacrydioides kahikatea ••• • ••• Dacrydium cupressinum rimu •• •• Metrosideros excelsa pohutukawa •••• Phyllocladus trichomanoides tanekaha •• Prumnopitys ferruginea miro •••• Medium trees Beilschmiedia tarairi taraire •• • • • Beilschmiedia tawa tawa •••• Corynocarpus laevigatus karaka ✖■ •••••• Dysoxylum spectabile kohekohe ••• Elaeocarpus dentatus hinau •• •• Hedycarya arborea porokaiwhiri, pigeonwood •• • • Knightia excelsa rewarewa •••••• Kunzea ericoides kanuka ♥■ •• •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •• Laurelia novae-zelandiae pukatea • Litsea calicaris mangeao •• • Nestegis lanceolata white maire •••• Vitex lucens puriri •••••• Small trees/large shrubs Brachyglottis repanda rangiora ♥✖■ • •• •• • •• •• Carmichaelia australis NZ broom ecosystem two •• • Carpodetus serratus putawetaweta •• • ••• Coprosma arborea mamangi ♥■ •• • •• ••• Coprosma lucida shining karamu ♥■ ••• ••• •• •• •• Coprosma robusta karamu ♥■ ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• •• Cordyline australis ti kouka, cabbage tree •• ••• • •• ••• •• ••• •• Cordyline banksii forest cabbage tree •• •• •• •• •• Cyathea dealbata ponga, silver tree fern ••• •• ••• ••• ••• ••• •• Cyathea medullaris mamaku, black tree fern •• ••• •• •• •• Dodonaea viscosa akeake •• • • Geniostoma rupestre hangehange ♥■ ••• •• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Griselinia lucida puka ■ • Leptospermum scoparium manuka ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• Leucopogon fasciculatus mingimingi ♥■ ••• • ••• ••• ••• •• Macropiper excelsum kawakawa ♥■ •• ••• ••• • •• ••• Melicytus macrophyllus large leaved mahoe •• •• •• •• •• Melicytus ramiflorus mahoe •• • • •• •• •• •• ••• Myoporum laetum ngaio ■ 31 KEY ܘ fully tolerant ◗ tolerates some ܛ not tolerant ❖ tolerates shade during establishment ܓ needs some shade to establish Tolerance Comments Sun Shade Dry Moist Boggy Poor Harsh clay wind ܘ ❖ ◗ ܘܛܘ◗ ܘ ❖ ܛܘܘܛܛ ܘܓܛܘ◗◗ܛ ܘܛܘܘܘ ◗◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘ◗ ܘܓܘ◗ ܘܛܛ◗ ܘܓܘܛܘܛܛ◗ Natural neighbours: karaka, kohekohe, kanuka and ܘܓܘܛܘܛܛ◗ pohutukawa can form groves, ie. a monocultural canopy. ܘܓܘ◗ ܘܛܛ◗ Karaka and kohekohe are often the dominant components of ܘܓ◗ ܛܘܛܛܛ the coastal forest.The main understory is hangehange, ܘ ❖◗◗ ܘܛ ◗ ܛ kawakawa, mahoe and gahnia. ܘ ◗ ܛܘܛ ◗ ܛ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛ ◗◗ ܘܛܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܓܛ◗ ܘܘ◗ ܘܓܘܘܛܘ◗ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛ ◗ ܛ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛܛܛ ܘ ◗◗ܘܛܘ◗ ܘܓ◗ ܛܘ ◗◗◗ ܘܓ◗ ܛܘ ◗◗ܛ ܘܓ◗ ܘܛܛܛ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘ ◗ ܘ ◗ ܘ ◗◗ܘܘ ◗ ܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛ ◗◗ ܘܘ◗ ܘܛܘܛ ܘܓܛܘܛ ◗◗ ܘܛܘܘܛܘܘ ܘܘܘܘܛ ◗◗ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛ ◗◗ Puka is naturally epiphytic when growing in the wild. ܘܛܘܘܘܘܘ ܘ ◗ ܘܘܛܘ◗ ◗ ܘܛܘܛܛ◗ ܘܘ◗ ܘܛ ◗ ܛ ܘܘ◗ ܘܛ ◗◗ ܘܛܘܘܛ ◗ ܘ 32 Manukau • Kahu stormy coastal hills ecosystem KEY ♥ Nurse plant ■ Main component ✤ rare ✖ toxic to toddlers coastal sites only epiphyte For restoration, in this habitat: ••• plant liberally •• plant generally • plant sparingly Recommended planting sites Gully Boggy Rock- Sharp Steep Valley Broad Gentle Alluvial Head Area land Ridge Slope Bottom Ridge Slope Flat/Tce Small trees/large shrubs Myrsine australis mapou, red matipo ♥■ •• ••• ••• •• •• Olearia furfuracea akepiro ♥■ ••• •• ••• •• Pittosporum ellipticum ••• Pseudopanax arboreus whauwhaupaku five finger •• •• •• Pseudopanax crassifolius horoeka, lancewood • •• •• Pseudopanax