NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN FOR STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS HANOI, 2017 ABBREVIATIONS AFTA ASEAN Free Trade Area APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation APC Air pollution control ASEM Asia-Europe Meeting BAT/BEP Best Available Techniques/ Best Environmental Practices BOF Basic oxygen furnace DDT [1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis (4-chlorophenyl) ethane] DBDE Decabromodiphenyl ether DOIT Department of Industry and Trade DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment EAF Electric Arc Furnace EEE Electrical and Electronic Equipment EVN Vietnam Electricity FDI Foreign Direct Investment GDP Gross Domestic Product GEF Global Environment Facility GHG Greenhouse Gas HBB Hexabromobiphenyl HBCD Hexabromocyclododecane HCB Hexachlorobenzene HCBD Hexachlorobutadiene MARD Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development MEA Multilateral Environmental Agreement MIC Ministry of Information and Communication MOC Ministry of Construction MOF Ministry of Finance MOH Ministry of Health MOD Ministry of Defense MOIT Ministry of Industry and Trade MOLISA Ministry of Labor, Invalid and Social Affairs MONRE Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment MOST Ministry of Science and Technology MOT Ministry of Transport MPI Ministry of Planning and Investment MPS Ministry of Public Security OCP Organochlorine Pesticide PBDEs Polybrominated diphenyl ethers PCA Framework agreement on comprehensive partnership and cooperation PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls ii PCD Pollution Control Department PCDDs Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins PCDFs Polychlorinated dibenzofurans PCNs Polychlorinated naphthalenes PCP1 Pentachlorophenol PeCBz Pentachlorobenzene PFAS2 Per- and polyfluorinated alkylated substances PFOA3 Perfluorooctanoic acid PFOS4 Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid PFOSF Perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride POPs Persistent Organic Pollutants PPC Provincial People‟s Committee ppm parts per million PPP Public Private Partnership SCCP Short chain chlorinated paraffins SCP Sustainable Consumption and Production SDG Sustainable Development Goal TEQ Toxic Equivalent TPP Trans-Pacific Partnership UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNIDO United Nations Industrial Development Organization VEA Vietnam Environment Administration VND Vietnamese Dong WB World Bank WEEE Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment WTO World Trade Organization 1 In the Convention the listing includes PCP, its salt and esters. In this NIP for simplification, PCP represents the listing of these substances 2 Only PFOS and related substances are listed in the Stockholm Convention. However, PFAS is a SAICM focal topic. 3 PFOA is not listed in the Stockholm Convention but currently assessed in the POP Review Committee. 4 The listing of PFOS, its salt and PFOSF includes the listing of all approx. 165 PFOS related substances and precursors. For simplification in the text of this document, only PFOS is used but representing all PFOS related substances. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................................... ii LIST OF TABLES ................................................................................................................... vii LIST OF FIGURES ................................................................................................................. viii EXERCUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................... ix 1. INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................. 1 1.1. STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS ................................ 1 1.2. UPDATING THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF VIETNAM FOR THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION .............................................................................................................................. 2 1.2.1. The first NIP of Vietnam .................................................................................................. 2 1.2.2. Process of preparation of NIP update in Vietnam ............................................................ 3 1.2.3. Health and society problems and risks of POPs and hazardous chemicals ...................... 3 2. COUNTRY BASELINE INFORMATION AND POPs SITUATION .................................. 7 2.1. GENERAL INFORMATION OF VIETNAM .............................................................................. 7 2.1.1. Natural conditions ............................................................................................................ 7 2.1.2. Population ......................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.3. Economy ......................................................................................................................... 10 2.1.4. Political system ............................................................................................................... 12 2.1.5. Society ............................................................................................................................ 13 2.1.6. Environment ................................................................................................................... 14 2.2. LEGISLATION AND POLICY FRAMEWORK ........................................................................ 16 2.2.1. Environmental Protection Policies and Laws ................................................................. 16 2.2.2. Legal documents on environmental protection .............................................................. 17 2.2.3. Legal documents on Chemical Management.................................................................. 18 2.3. ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF POPS IN VIETNAM ....................................................... 20 2.3.1. Status of past, current and future import, export, production and use of POP pesticides (Annex A, Part I chemicals) ..................................................................................................... 20 2.3.2. Assessment of PCBs (Annex A Part II chemical) .......................................................... 22 2.3.3. Assessment of POP-BDEs (Annex A Part IV and Part V chemicals) and HBB (Annex A Part I chemical) ..................................................................................................................... 26 2.3.4. Assessment with respect to DDT (Annex B Part II chemical) ....................................... 28 2.3.5. Assessment of PFOS (Annex B Part III chemical)......................................................... 29 2.3.6. Assessment of unintentional produced POPs (Annex C chemicals) .............................. 31 2.3.7. Summary of future production, use, and releases of POPs – requirements for iv exemptions ................................................................................................................................ 36 2.3.8. Assessment and information of POPs stockpiles and contaminated sites ...................... 38 2.3.9. Existing programs of monitoring POPs in environment and emissions ......................... 45 2.3.10. Identification of impacted population POPs to the environment and human ............... 55 2.3.11. Socio-economic impacts of POPs ................................................................................ 56 2.3.12. Information exchange and awareness raising for POPs in Vietnam ............................ 57 2.3.13. Reporting mechanism in accordance with Article 15 on implementation of the Stockholm Convention and information exchange with other Parties to the Convention........ 59 2.3.14. Relevant activities of non-governmental stakeholders ................................................. 60 2.3.15. International cooperation for Stockholm Convention implementation ........................ 62 2.3.16. Overview of technical infrastructure for POPs assessment, measurement, analysis, alternatives and prevention measures, research and development – linkage to international programs and projects ............................................................................................................... 63 2.3.17. Assessment of POPs management and treatment in Vietnam ...................................... 67 2.3.18. Identification of impacted populations or environments, estimated scale and magnitude of threats to public health and environmental quality, and social implications for workers and local communities ................................................................................................ 79 2.3.19. System of assessment and listing of new chemicals..................................................... 82 2.3.20. System of evaluation and management of chemicals on the market ............................ 82 2.4. THE IMPLEMENTATION STATUS OF THE STOCKHOLM CONVENTION .............................. 85 3. THE NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION PLAN................................................................. 91 3.1. POLICY STATEMENT .......................................................................................................... 91 3.2. IMPLEMENTATION STRATEGY .......................................................................................... 92 3.2.1. The participatory approach of stakeholders.................................................................... 92 3.2.2. Integrating the management of POPs/chemicals and policies on management of natural