METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE STUDY OF WATER SECURITY MASTER PLAN FOR METRO MANILA AND ITS ADJOINING AREAS FINAL REPORT WATER BALANCE STUDY MARCH 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO GE JR 13-054 METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE STUDY OF WATER SECURITY MASTER PLAN FOR METRO MANILA AND ITS ADJOINING AREAS FINAL REPORT WATER BALANCE STUDY MARCH 2013 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. THE UNIVERSITY OF TOKYO GE JR 13-054 ° ° 125 120 N STUDY AREA W E 15° AURORA S 10° NUEVA ECIJA Pampanga 5° THE PHILIPPINES TARLAC PAMPANGA Umiray Angat BULACAN QUEZON Kaliwa BATAAN Pasig- Marikina Metro RIZAL Manila Legend Laguna Lake Dam (existing) CAVITE LAGUNA Conveyance (existing) Intake (existing) River Basin Provincial Boundary BATANGAS 0102030 km River SCALE Location Map of the Study Area METROPOLITAN WATERWORKS AND SEWERAGE SYSTEM THE REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES THE STUDY OF WATER SECURITY MASTER PLAN FOR METRO MANILA AND ITS ADJOINING AREAS FINAL REPORT WATER BALANCE STUDY Table of Contents Location Map of the Study Area Abbreviations Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background of the Study .................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ...................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Study Area .......................................................................................................... 1-2 CHAPTER 2 INSTITUTIONAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL STUDY ........... 2-1 2.1 Legal Framework of the Water Sector ............................................................... 2-1 2.1.1 Constitution and Water Code of the Philippines .................................. 2-1 2.1.2 Water Supply ........................................................................................ 2-2 2.1.3 Sanitation ............................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.4 Project Implementation ........................................................................ 2-2 2.1.5 Public-Private Partnership (PPP) and Privatization ............................. 2-3 2.2 Water-Related Organizations ............................................................................. 2-5 2.2.1 National Water Resources Board (NWRB) ......................................... 2-5 2.2.2 Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) ........................ 2-5 2.2.3 Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) ............. 2-6 2.2.4 National Economic Development Authority (NEDA) ......................... 2-6 2.2.5 National Irrigation Administration (NIA) ............................................ 2-7 2.2.6 National Power Corporation (NPC) ..................................................... 2-7 2.2.7 Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System (MWSS) ................. 2-8 2.2.8 Manila Water Co. Inc. (MWCI) and Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI) ................................................................................................ 2-8 2.2.9 Local Water Utilities Administration (LWUA) .................................. 2-10 2.2.10 Local Government Units (LGUs) ...................................................... 2-10 2.2.11 Other Related Organizations .............................................................. 2-10 2.3 Water Resource Management Practice ............................................................. 2-11 2.3.1 Water Resource Allocation ................................................................. 2-11 2.3.2 River Basin Management ................................................................... 2-11 2.3.3 Water Quality and Watershed Management ....................................... 2-12 2.3.4 Water Resource Assessment ............................................................... 2-12 i 2.4 Investment in Water Source Development Projects ......................................... 2-12 2.4.1 Overview ............................................................................................ 2-12 2.4.2 Project Formation and Implementation Process ................................ 2-13 2.5 Issues and Recent Developments ..................................................................... 2-14 2.5.1 Water Sector Governance and Institutional Reform .......................... 2-14 2.5.2 Investment in Water Resources .......................................................... 2-16 2.6 Institutional Interventions ................................................................................ 2-17 2.6.1 Water Conservation ............................................................................ 2-17 2.6.2 Participation of the Host LGUs and Communities ............................ 2-17 CHAPTER 3 SOCIO-ECONOMIC FEATURES OF THE STUDY AREA .... 3-1 3.1 Administrative Composition of the Study Area ................................................. 3-1 3.2 Population of the Study Area ............................................................................. 3-1 3.3 Economy of the Study Area ............................................................................... 3-2 CHAPTER 4 EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION ........................ 4-1 4.1 Government Policy for Environmental Protection ............................................. 4-1 4.2 Environmental Issues Vulnerable to Water Resources Development ................ 4-2 4.2.1 Indigenous People ................................................................................ 4-2 4.2.2 Natural Environment ............................................................................ 4-2 4.3 Measures Provided to Protect the Environment ................................................. 4-4 CHAPTER 5 DEMAND SIDE STUDY–WATER SUPPLY ............................. 5-1 5.1 Present Water Use in MWSS Service Area ........................................................ 5-1 5.1.1 Billed Water Volume ............................................................................ 5-1 5.1.2 Number of Connections ....................................................................... 5-3 5.1.3 Per Capita Consumption ...................................................................... 5-4 5.2 Present Water Use in Adjoining Areas ............................................................... 5-6 5.2.1 Water Supply Service Providers .......................................................... 5-6 5.2.2 Per Capita Consumption ...................................................................... 5-7 5.2.3 Non-domestic Consumption ................................................................ 5-7 5.3 Summary of Water Demand Projections in MWSS Service Area (by the UP-NEC and World Bank Study) ....................................................................... 5-8 5.4 Water Demand Projection in the MWSS Service Area (by the JICA Study Team) ..................................................................................................... 5-10 5.4.1 Projection of the Domestic Water Demand ........................................ 5-10 5.4.2 Projection of Non-domestic Water Demand ...................................... 5-13 5.4.3 Projection of Total Water Demand ..................................................... 5-14 5.5 Water Demand Projection in the Adjoining Areas ........................................... 5-16 5.5.1 Coverage of Water Supply ................................................................. 5-16 5.5.2 Per Capita Consumption .................................................................... 5-17 5.5.3 Non-Revenue Water (NRW) .............................................................. 5-18 5.5.4 Projection of Domestic Water Demand ............................................. 5-18 5.5.5 Projection of Non-domestic Water Demand ...................................... 5-19 5.5.6 Projection of Total Water Demand ..................................................... 5-20 5.5.7 Alternative Surface Water Demand ................................................... 5-21 5.6 Official Demand Projection Presented by MWSS ........................................... 5-22 ii CHAPTER 6 DEMAND SIDE STUDY–AGRO-FISHERIES ......................... 6-1 6.1 Agricultural Sector in the Philippines ................................................................ 6-1 6.1.1 Background .......................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 Government’s Policy ............................................................................ 6-1 6.1.3 Irrigation Sector ................................................................................... 6-4 6.2 Agriculture in the Study Area ............................................................................ 6-5 6.2.1 Conditions of the Study Area ............................................................... 6-5 6.2.2 Agriculture in the Study Area .............................................................. 6-5 6.3 Present Irrigation Development in the Study Area ............................................ 6-6 6.3.1 General ................................................................................................. 6-6 6.3.2 National Irrigation System (NIS) in the Study Area ............................ 6-7 6.3.3 Communal Irrigation System (CIS) in the Study Area ........................ 6-9