Stebnicka, Z. T. 2001: Aphodiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae). Fauna of New Zealand 42, 64 pp. INVERTEBRATE SYSTEMATICS ADVISORY GROUP REPRESENTATIVES OF LANDCARE RESEARCH Dr D.R. Penman Landcare Research Lincoln Agriculture & Science Centre P.O. Box 69, Lincoln, New Zealand Dr T.K. Crosby and Dr M.-C. Larivière Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF UNIVERSITIES Dr R.M. Emberson Ecology and Entomology Group Soil, Plant, and Ecological Sciences Division P.O. Box 84, Lincoln University, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF MUSEUMS Mr R.L. Palma Natural Environment Department Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa P.O. Box 467, Wellington, New Zealand REPRESENTATIVE OF OVERSEAS INSTITUTIONS Dr J.F. Lawrence CSIRO Division of Entomology G.P.O. Box 1700, Canberra City A.C.T. 2601, Australia * * * SERIES EDITOR Dr T. K. Crosby Landcare Research Mount Albert Research Centre Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand Fauna of New Zealand Ko te Aitanga Pepeke o Aotearoa Number / Nama 42 Aphodiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Z. T. Stebnicka Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow 31–016, Poland [email protected] Manaaki W h e n u a P R E S S Lincoln, Canterbury, New Zealand 2001 Copyright © Landcare Research New Zealand Ltd 2001 No part of this work covered by copyright may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means (graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping information retrieval systems, or otherwise) without the written permission of the publisher. Cataloguing in publication STEBNICKA, Z. T. (Zdzis»awaTeresa), 1932– Aphodiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) / Z. T. Stebnicka – Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. : Manaaki Whenua Press, 2001. (Fauna of New Zealand, ISSN 0111–5383 ; no. 42). ISBN 0-478-09341-1 I. Title II. Series UDC 595.764.1(931) Prepared for publication by the series editor using computer-based text processing, layout, scanning, and printing at Landcare Research, Mt Albert Research Centre, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand M~ori text by H. Jacob, Huatau Consultants, Levin. Published by Manaaki Whenua Press, Landcare Research, P.O. Box 40, Lincoln, Canterbury, N.Z. Website: http://www.mwpress.co.nz/ Printed by PrintLink Ltd, Wellington Front cover: Acrossidius tasmaniae (Hope) (Illustrator: D. W. Helmore). Publication of the Fauna of New Zealand series is the result of a research investment by the Foundation for Research, Science and Technology under contract number C09X002. Fauna of New Zealand 42 5 POPULAR SUMMARY HE WHAKARAPOPOTOTANGA Class Insecta Order Coleoptera Family Scarabaeidae Subfamily Aphodiinae Illustration / Whakaahua: Phycocus graniceps Broun (Il- lustrator / Kaiwhakaahua: A. C. Harris). Dung beetles Ng~ p§tara tãtae Representatives of the Aphodiinae are found throughout Kitea ai ng~ mea o te wh~nau iti Aphodiinae i ng~ koko the world but it is generally assumed that the warm part katoa o te ao, heoi ko te whakapae, ko ng~ w~hi mahana of the Old World is their centre of distribution. The New o te ‘Ao Tawhito’ tÇ r~tou tino k~inga. O ng~ iwi me ng~ World and Australia, on the other hand, possess only very puninga ka kitea i reira, he ruarua noa iho ka kitea anÇ i few members of those tribes and genera that occur in the te ‘Ao Hou’ me Ahitereiria. Heoi, ko te nuinga o ng~ Old World — instead, endemic genera and species of other puninga me ng~ iwi ka kitea i ‘nei takiw~, k~ore e kitea i tribes of Aphodiinae are numerous. w~hi k‘. Approximately 3100 species of aphodiines are known, Kei te ~hua 3100 ng~ momo aphodiine e mÇhiotia and many more may be expected, especially from the ana, otir~, ar~ noa atu pea ng~ momo k~ore anÇ i ~ta Neotropical and Oriental regions. The beetles are vari- tautuhia. E tino h~ngai ana t‘nei whakapae ki ng~ takiw~ ously shaped and sculptured, and range from 0.8 mm to o te Pã o Amerika me Amerika ki te Tonga, tae atu ki 16.0 mm in length. They are most commonly called “dung hia. He rerek te hanga o t n , o t n , , ko te rahi, kei beetles”, though in fact only a part of this subfamily is } ‘ ‘ ~ ‘ ~ ~ waenga i te 0.8 mm me te 16.0 mm. Ko te ‘p§tara tãtae’ usually collected in dung. Aphodiinae are coprophagous tÇ r~tou ingoa k~rangaranga, engari ko t‘tahi w~hanga or saprophagous, feeding and breeding in the soil on vari- noa iho o t‘nei wh~nau iti ka kitea e noho ana i te tãtae. ous kinds of excrement and/or in vegetable debris. Sev- He kai tãtae, he kai popo ng~ aphodiinae, ~, ka kitea e eral species found in Europe, Asia, America, and Austra- kai ana, e whakaputa uri ana i roto i nei mea i te oneone. lia, and two species (Acrossidius tasmaniae (Hope) and ‘ Kua rangahaua ng~ momo maha tonu e noho ana i âropi, Ataenius picinus Harold) in New Zealand have been stud- i }hia, i Amerika, me Ahitereiria, me ‘tahi momo e rua o ied as minor pests of cultivated plants. Some species, e.g., Aotearoa (ko te Acrossidius tasmaniae (Hope) me te Phycocus graniceps Broun and Tesarius sulcipennis (Lea), Ataenius picinus Harold), he kaikai m~ra nÇ r~tou. Ar~ are strongly associated with coastal sand dunes. Many an tahi momo p r i a Phycocus graniceps Broun me te species in other countries are associated with ants and Ç ‘ ‘ ~ Tesarius sulcipennis (Lea) e kitea nuitia ana ki ng~ t~huna termites and some others live in the burrows of small o te tahamoana. He maha ng~ momo i t~w~hi e noho ana mammals. A few species are known to be kleptoparasitic, i waenga i a ng~i pÇpokorua me ng~i pÇpokotea, ko ‘tahi breeding in the brood balls of nest-building dung beetles anÇ e noho ana ki ng~ rua o ‘tahi kararehe wh~ngote (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae). Adults of Aphodiinae are moroiti. Ko tahi momo ruarua nei, ka wh nako i ng attracted to light and are often found in various kinds of ‘ ~ ~ kÇhanga o ng~ p§tara tãtae hanga kÇhanga (ar~ ng~ excrement, in decaying vegetation, under logs and moss, Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), hei w~hi whakaputa uri mÇ in rotten wood, and under loose bark of dead trees. The r~tou. Whaiwhai ai ng~ aphodiinae pakeke i te m~rama. immatures are known for a relatively small number of Ka kitea nuitia hoki i ng~ momo tãtae maha, i ng~ popo, species. (continued overleaf) (haere tonu) 6 Stebnicka (2001): Aphodiinae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) Twenty species of Aphodiinae are now known from i raro i ng~ poro r~kau me ng~ pãkohu, i ng~ r~kau pirau, New Zealand. Eleven of these have been introduced, prob- i raro r~nei i te hiako o ng~ r~kau kua mate noa. E mÇhiotia ably through human commerce — six are from Australia, ana te hanga kÇhungahunga o ‘tahi momo ~hua ruarua two from America, one from Africa, and the last two are nei. cosmopolitan species of European derivation. E rua tekau ng~ momo Aphodiinae o Aotearoa e The remaining nine species of the genera Phycocus mÇhiotia ana in~ianei. Tekau m~ tahi o ‘nei, kua rere mai Broun (introduced to Tasmania) and Saprosites i t~w~hi, n~ ng~ mahi tauhokohoko pea i heri mai. E ono Redtenbacher are indigenous to New Zealand. One spe- i tau mai i Ahitereiria, e rua mai i Amerika, kotahi mai i cies is found only on the South Island, and seven are found }wherika, e rua atu anÇ nÇ âropi taketake ake, engari only on the North Island including one species collected kua puta atu ki ng~ hau e wh~. also on the Kermadec Islands, and one on the Chathams T‘r~ anÇ ng~ momo e iwa o te puninga Phycocus Islands. One species is indigenous to the Three Kings Broun (kua tae atu anÇ ki Tahim~nia) me Saprosites Islands, one to the Chatham Islands, and one to the Redtenbacher, he momo tãturu nÇ Aotearoa. Kotahi te Kermadec Islands (introduced to the North Island). The momo ka kitea i Te Waipounamu anake, e rima ka kitea i non-endemic species, of adventive origin are frequently Te Ika a M~ui anake, kotahi ka kitea i Te Ika a M~ui me abundant and conspicuous in towns, orchards, pastures, ng~ moutere Kermadec, kotahi anÇ i Te Ika a M~ui me and other modified environments. The faunal relation- R‘kohu. Kotahi te momo nÇ Manawa-t~whi tãturu, kotahi ships of the native New Zealand Aphodiinae are clearly nÇ R‘kohu tãturu, kotahi nÇ ng~ Kermadec tãturu (kua closest to those of Australia. tau mai anÇ ki Te Ika a M~ui). Ko ng~ momo ehara nÇ konei taketake ake, engari kei konei e noho ana, ka kitea nuitia i ng~ taone, i ng~ m~ra huar~kau, i ng~ p~t§t§, me ‘r~ atu taiao n~ te ringa tangata i raweke. Ko ng~ hono i waenga i ng~ Aphodiinae o Aotearoa taketake ake, e ~hua rite ana ki ‘r~ o Ahitereiria. I wh~nau mai te kaituhi, a Zdzis»awa Teresa Stebnicka (ko Eichler tana ingoa wh~nau), i PÇrana. Ko ng~ mahi toi me ng~ pãtaiao m~ori ~na kaupapa matua i te whare w~nanga, ~ ka whakawhiwhia ia ki tana T~kutatanga Pãtaiao i te W~nanga Pãtaiao o PÇrana, i Cracow. Kei te Pãtahi WhakarÇpã, Kunenga Kararehe, i raro i te maru o te W~nanga Pãtaiao o PÇrana, a ia e mahi ana.