Index adsorption 15-16 Caithness Flags 168 adsorption chromatography 152, 153 Canada see Nova Scotia Basin also Western Canada Age anticline 243 Sedimentary Basin Alabama see Mexican Gulf Coast carbon dioxide and migration 156 Alberta 218 carbon isotope ratios 193, 195 Alpine foreland carbon mass balance 11 maturation Carboniferous temperature 240-1 reservoirs 35, 41, 42, 218 timing 238-40 source rocks 210 regional setting 227-9 Cardium Formation 124, 209, 216 regional studies cataclasis v. diffusive mass transfer 256 Clergeon anticline 232-5 Central Graben (North Sea) see also Sub-Alpine Chains compaction studies 70-2, 76-9 stratigraphy 230-1 migration studies 52, 175, 177 structure 229 Charlie Lake Formation 209, 210 subsidence history 231-2 Chinchaga-Contact Rapids Formation 212 thrust timing 231 chromatography alteration v. degradation 197 fractionation 144, 145 Alwyn kitchen 91 process applications 152-4 Andrade formula 107 gas-liquid 156-7 Annecy 227, 241,246 gas-solid 156 aqueous fractionation 200, 201-2 liquid-liquid 155-6 aquifer properties 128, 130 liquid-solid 154-5 Arbuckle Formation 201 quantification 157-9 Are Formation 273 results 198 Arkansas 52 techniques 151-2 see also Mexican Gulf Coast theory 150-1 asphalt 227, 241,246 clay minerals Athabasca tar sands 208, 216 adsorption 15-16 Australia case study 24-7 permeability 12-13 Clergeon anticline 229, 232 burial history 232-4 Bakken Shale Formation 51-2 thermal history 234-5 Balder field 178 coal Baider Sandstone 183 oleophilicity 16 Banff Group 209 source potential 23-4 Basin of Domes model 116-19 coal-bed methane 16 Beaverhill Lake Group 209, 212 Cold Lake tar sands 208, 216 Belloy Formation 209, 219 Colorado Formation 124, 209 Belly River Formation 124, 209, 216 compaction 93 Bingham formula 107 modelling fluid pressure effects 66-7 biodegradation 197 factors affecting 67-74 processes 181-2 model testing 74-9 results 179-81 composition, factors affecting 149, 178 stages 183-6 consolidation law 107 biomarker migration index 155, 157 Cooking Lake Platform Formation 212 biostratigraphy and palaeobathymetry 70-2 Cretaceous bitumen deposits 232, 241,246 reservoirs Blairmore Formation 124, 209, 210, 216 Alpine foreland 227 Bornes massif 229, 235, 237 Canada 124-5, 216-18 bound water 12-13 Mexican Gulf Coast 193 Brae complex 176 source rocks 167, 169-70, 210 Brae Formation 175 Cynthia Formation 212 Brent Formation 91, 93 Brora oil shale 168 Buchan kitchen 171, 173 Daiber Group 219 bulk mass equation 9 Debolt Formation 219 buoyancy drive 132 degradation burial modelling processes 181-2 Clergeon anticline 232-4 results 179-81 Sub-Alpine Chains 236 stages 183-6 275 276 INDEX density, role in migration of 131-2 foreland thrust belt studies see Alpine foreland Denver Basin 37 Forties Formation 175, 182, 183, 184 Devonian fractionation 137-9 reservoirs 21 4-16 numerical simulation 160 ~ source rocks 210 gaseous solution 37-40 diffusion 176 pressure-temperature effects diffusive mass transfer v. cataclasis 256 experiments 1.39--40 dismigration 197 results 140-6 displacement chromatography 152, 154 fractures, effects of 14, 51-3 Doig Formation 209, 210, 212, 216, 219 France see Alpine foreland also Sub-Alpine Chains Douala Basin 22 Frigg Formation 175, 183, 185 Draupne Formation 91, 92, 93 frontal chromatography 152, 154 see also Kimmeridge Clay Fulmar Sands 175 Duchesne River Formation 123, 124 Dunlin Formation 91, 93 Duvernay Formation 209, 210, 212 gach-i-turush 270 gas chromatography 144 gas-oil ratio 59, 138 Eagle Ford Formation 192, 193 gas-liquid chromatography 151, 156-7 Ekofisk Formation 175 gas-solid chromatography 156 Ekofisk kitchen 171, 173 gaseous solution Elk Point Group 209, 212 effects on expulsion 33-7 elution chromatography 152, 154 numerical simulation 37-40 evaporative fractionation 44, 197 significance 43-5 expulsion (primary migration) generation studies efficiency (PEE) 9-10, 138 curve plotting 196, 197 case study 24-7 Western Canada Basin 210-12 modelling 11-12, 19-24, 115 geochromatography factors affecting application to migration 154-7 kerogen 16-19, 47-8, 49-51 development 154 microfractures 14, 51-3 interactions 153-4 permeability 12-14 phases 152-3 pore geometry 53-5 processes 149-50 Posidonia Shale case study 55-61 quantification 157-9 fluid flow model 66-7 Germany data inputs 67-74 Rhinegraben 123 results 74-9 Ruhr Basin 36, 41 solubility fractionation 33-7 Saxony Basin 47, 49, 52, 55-61 numerical simulation 37-40 Gilwood Formation 212, 215 Exshaw Group 209, 210, 212, 216, 219, 221,223 Golata Formation 219 gouge fabric and fluid flow 256-8 Granite Wash Sands 209, 212, 215 faulting and fluid migration 245-6 Green River oil shales 16, 23 Sub-Alpine Chains case study 246 Grosmont Formation 209, 212 basal deformation 250-6 fold/fault timing 258-9 internal deformation 248-50 Halfway Formation 209 microstructures 256-8 Haltenbanken gas province 273 thrust sheet layout 247-8 heat capacity 107 FD/FE schemes 111-12 heat equation t07 Fernere thrust 248 heat flow modelling 93 Fernie Group 209 Heather Formation 91, 93, 177 Firkanten Formation 34, 35, 43 heptane value 195, 199, 200 Fisher Bank kitchen 171, 173 Hiis syncline 52 flow regimes in primary migration 158 Horda platform 91 fluid flow 172-8 hydrocarbon viscosity 107 factors affecting 128-32 hydrodynamic analysis 127-8 results 132-5 factors affecting 128-32 fluid pressure simulation model 66-7 results 132-5 data inputs hydrogen index 19, 21, 23-4 palaeobathymetry 70--2 hydrophobic interaction chromatography 152, 154 permeability 72-4 porosity 68-70 results 74-9 independent particulate flow 256 fluid properties and water drive 128, 131 intrinsic permeability 107 INDEX 277 ion exchange chromatography 152, 153 maturity index 195-7, 198-201 Ireton Shale Formation 212 Maureen Formation 182-3 isoheptane value 196, 199, 200 methane 16, 37, 156 isolyse 42 methylphenanthrene index 196-7, 199, 200, 20i isotope studies, carbon 193, 195 Mexican Gulf Coast petroleum system alteration 197 Jet Rock 168 aqueous fractionation 201-2 Joli Fou Formation 209, 216 chromatographic data 198 Jura Mountains see Alpine foreland compaction modelling 79 Jurassic intraformational migration 193-5 reservoirs 91, 193 maturity 195-7, 198-201 source rocks stratigraphy 191-3 Canada 210 microfracturing 47, 51-3, 176 Germany 55-61 microseepage 269 Mexican Gulf Coast 192 microstructures and migration 245-6, 256-8 North Sea 167, 169-70 migration case studies Mexican Gulf Coast 193-5 Keg River Formation 209, 210, 212, 215 Western Canada Basin 214-24 kerogen 15, 16--19, 59 effects of Kimmeridge Clay 14, 52, 91 chromatographic processes 154-7 productivity 169-70 geochemistry 34-7 source characteristics 167-9 molecular fractionation 137-9 kinetic generation scheme 107 factors affecting Kiskatinaw Formation 209, 218, 219 deformation sequence 258-9 K6kelsumer Heide, 35, 41 faulting 245-6 Kozeny-Carman formula 93, 107 hydrodynamics 127-8, 132-5 microstructure 245-6, 256-8 mechanisms La Luna Formation 13, 52 primary 176 Lagunillas field 184 secondary 176-8 Lea Park Formation 124, 209, 210 see also expulsion also secondary migration leakage Mississippi Basin see Mexican Gulf Coast case study 273 molecular fractionation 137-9 classification 265-6, 267 numerical simulation 160 conditions 271 pressure-temperature effects definition 267 experiments 139-40 description results 140-6 altered 268-70 molecular weight distributions 198 unaltered 267-8 Monterey Formation 21 flow rates Montney Group 209, 210 gas 268 Montrose kitchen 171, 173 oil 270 Muskeg Formation 212 Leduc Formation 209, 212, 214 Muskwa Formation 212 liquid-liquid chromatography 155-6 liquid-solid chromatography 151, 154-5 Lobstick Platform Formation 212 loss assessment 113-15 naphthenic/paraffinic gasolines 196 Lotsberg-Cold Lake Formation 212 Nikanassin Group 209 Louan Salt 192 Nisku Formation 209, 212, 214 Louisiana see Mexican Gulf Coast Nordegg Formation 209, 210, 212, 216, 219 North Sea petroleum provinces 90, 91 composition 178-82 Mahakam Delta 24 degradation 183-6 Majeau Lake Formation 212, 215 generation timing 170-4 Mannville Group 209, 216 migration studies 174-8 Maracaibo Basin 13, 52 modelling marine source characters 196 compaction 70-2, 76-9 mass balance calculations 57 secondary migration 101-4 mass chromatography 145 permeability 14, 15 maturation modelling productivity 169-70 heat flow calibration 93 reservoir rocks 168 temperature 240-1 source rocks 167-9 timing 238-40 Tertiary sands 182-3 278 INDEX Norway Ratner Formation 210, 212 Haltenbanken 273 ray tracing 111-12 Svalbard 34, 35, 43 Reindalen 35 Nova Scotia Basin 68, 74-5 relative permeability 12-14, 99 Rencurel thrust 247-8 basal deformation 250-6 oil density 59 fold/fault timing 258-9 Oklahoma 52 internal deformation 248-50 oleophilicity 16 microstructure 256-8 organic matter reservoir rocks role in expulsion 47-8 Carboniferous 35, 41, 42, 218 volume expansion 49-51 Cretaceous 124-5, 193, 216-18, 227 organic network concept 47 Devonian 214-15 overpressure 65 Jurassic 91, 193 generation model 66-7 residue compositions 34 permeability effects 93-6 Revard thrust 235, 238 Oseberg kitchen 91 reverse phase chromatography 151, 153 Rhinegraben 123 Rock Creek Formation 212 palaeobathymetry 70-2 Ruhr Basin 36, 41 Pancake kitchen 91 Rundle Group 209, 218, 219 paraffinic/naphthenic gasolines 196 partition chromatography 152, 153 Peace River tar sands 208, 216 Saxony Basin 47, 49, 52, 55-61 Peclet Number variation 124 Schooler Creek Group 209 permeability Scotian Basin 68, 74-5 basin-scale estimation 123-5 Second White