BIODIVERSITY WATCH April-June, 2014, Vol-4 Issue First Available : July 9, 2015Punls International Journal on Biodiversity Issues www.biodiversity-watch.com Editor in Chief Guest Editor Dr. R.N. Pati Dr. Shailesh Shukla BIODIVERSITY WATCH BIODIVERSITY About the Journal International Journal on Biodiversity Watch is a peer reviewed journal developed to publish original, innovative, empirical and investigative research articles related to issues on Forest Law Enforcement, carrying capacity studies, research on ecosystem services, conservation and management of mangroves, maintenance of genetic diversity, conservation and management of wetland ecosystem, environmental and ecological issues relating to natural resource management, wild life conservation, climate change, mining and biodiversity conservation, execution of Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives, forest governance policy, programs and related issues. This peer-reviewed scientific journal has been quarterly brought out by VRM Foundation International, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. The Journal publishes investigative and empirical papers covering research findings across the sectors of forest governance, biodiversity conservation, issues relating to climate change, community based conservation, traditional medicine and medicinal plants conservation. All theoretical and methodological perspectives are welcomed. The Editorial Board of the journal also encourage the submission of, original manuscript translations, short papers/communications presenting various research based articles related to Biodiversity Conservation across different regions of India and world. Aim and Scope The main aim of the journal is to publish significant research findings focusing on Biodiversity Conservation and Forest Governance issues. This journal aims at publishing investigative research articles covering policies, programs of Biodiversity Conservation, Challenges & threats to forest governance, conservation of medicinal plants and mainstreaming traditional knowledge into protection of biodiversity, community based conservation approach and so on. Subjects covered in the journal The International Journal publishes Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Original Papers, Notes, Rapid Communications, Natural Medicine Notes, Interview with policy makers and case studies on best practices of natural resource management. Three papers in each volume will be honored as Excellent Papers. The Journal covers different dimensions of biodiversity conservation, sustainable development and environmental governances, best practices of Corporate Social Responsibility, Environmental Auditing, climate and ecosystem practices, sustainability management in corporate culture and corporate practices, substantive engineering in ecosystem functionality. 2 The International Journal on Biodiversity Watch is an open access journal that provides rapid publication (quarterly) of articles in all areas of the subject related to different issues of Biodiversity Conservation and Forest governance. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published approximately two months after acceptance. Types of Paper Regular Articles: The regular research based articles covering different dimensions of thematic area of the journal are invited from scientists, media experts and researchers working on different issues of biodiversity conservation.. The works should be original. The length of a full paper should be not less than 10 printed pages Reviews: The journal accepts review of books by scientists and researchers published in India and abroad. Reviews should be concise and no longer than 4-6 printed pages. Reviews manuscripts are also peer-reviewed Review Process :All manuscripts are reviewed by an editor and members of the Editorial Board or qualified outside reviewers. Decisions will be made as rapidly as possible, and the journal strives to return reviewers comments to authors within 3 weeks. The Editorial Board will re-review manuscripts that are accepted pending revision. 3 ISSN NO- 2436-4497 BIODIVERSITY WATCH INERNATIONAL JOURNAL ON BIODIVERSITY ISSUES ADVISORY BOARD : CHIEF ADVISORS Bikram Singh Sajwan, Honourable Expert Member, National Green Tribunal Van Vigyan Bhawan, Sector-V, R.K. Puram, New Delhi – 110022 Dr. Harsh Mahajan, MD Chief Radiologist, Mahajan Imaging, K-18, Hauz Khas Enclave, New Delhi-110016 Dr. James S. Gardner Adjunct Faculty Member Department of Geography at University of Victoria) and Professor Emeritus (University of Manitoba), Canada Dr. Julie Pelletier Chair and Faculty member, Department of Indigenous Studies, University of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada D.K.Ved Advisor, IAIM-FRLHT 74/2, Jarakabande Kaval, Post Attur, Via Yelahanka, Bangalore LEGAL ADVISOR Sukumar Pattjoshi Senior Advocate, Supreme Court of India, New Delhi. 4 EDITOR-IN-CHIEF Dr. Rabindra Nath Pati, Department of Anthropology Institute of Paleo environment and Heritage Conservation (IPHC) Mekelle University, Post Box 231 Mekelle, Ethiopia, Africa Website : www.mu.edu.et EDITORIAL BOARD Dr.Philip G. Kerr Senior Lecturer in Medicinal Chemistry School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University Australia [email protected] Dr. R.B.Singh Department of Geography Delhi School of Economics University of Delhi, Delhi-110007 Ms. Kendal Hodgman Institute for Sustainability and Technology Policy Murdoch University, Australia Dr Dusanka Kitic Associate Professor Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy University of Nis, Serbia Professor Ákos Mathe Head, Department of Botany, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, West Hungarian University Hungary Dr Anwarul Hassan Gilani Professor of Pharmacology Aga Khan University Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan Dr. Ramesh C. Saxena Chairman, Neem Foundation Gurgaon, Haryana, India, 5 Dr. Sindhu Sareen Senior Scientist (Gen. & Cytogen.) Directorate of Wheat Research, Haryana, India Professor K.G. Saxena School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India Dr. A.K.Pandey, Senior Scientist Institute of Forest Productivity Indian Council of Forestry Research Education, Lal Gutwa, Ranchi Dr. Slobodan Milutinovic Professor University of Nis, Serbia Dr. K. Madan Gopal Senior Technical Advisor, GIZ, Indo-German Social Security, 21, Jor Bagh, New Delhi, Dr. S.C. Tiwari Associate Professor, Department of Forestry, Wild Life and Environmental Science Guru Ghasidas University Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh, India Dr.Lawrence Chanza Executive Director Zambia Institute of Natural Medicine& Research Libala South, Lusaka, Zambia Josef A. Brinckmann, Sustainability Department, Traditional Medicinals, 4515 Ross Road, Sebastopol, California, USA, Email: [email protected] Professor Mazen A. Ateyyat IPM Specialist Department of Plant Production and Protection Faculty of Agricultural Technology Al-Balqa, Applied University Al-Salt 19117 JORDAN 6 Professor Mitashree Mitra Head of the Department School of Studies in Anthropology Pt. Ravi Shankar Shukla University Raipur, Chhattisgarh Dr. (Mrs.) Neeta Thacker Chief Scientist and Ex-head Analytical Instruments Division (AID) Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI) Nehru Marg, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India Professor Amrita Bagga Professor Emeritus & Former Chair Department of Anthropology, University of Pune, 10, Winchester House, Salisbury Park, Pune, India Dr. Seema Bharadwaj Head, Department of Zoology, Hari Dev Joshi Government Girls P.G. College, Banswara, Rajasthan, India Dr. Shailesh Shukla Assistant Professor, Department of Indigenous Studies University of Winnipeg, 515 Portage Ave, Winnipeg Manitoba, Canada, R3B 2E9 Dr. Ba Lagi Lugu Zuri Natural Healing Centre, Accra, Ghana Tapas Ranjan Chakraborty Campaign Officer Oxfam, House 4, Road 3, Block I Banani, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh Dr. TK Mukherjee Former Scientist, NISCAIR, 76, SRM Apartments, 106, I.P.Extension, Delhi 7 Dr. Subha Mani Associate Professor Department of Economics Fordham University 441 East Fordham Road Dealy Hall, E 520 Bronx, New York 10458 Email: [email protected] Dr. Robinson Mose Ocharo Senior lecturer and Chairman Department of Sociology and Social Work The University of Nairobi P.O. Box 30197 – 00100 Nairobi KENYA E-Mail. [email protected] Dr. Prateep Kumar Nayak Assistant Professor, School of Environment Enterprise and Development, Environmental Change and Governance Group, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L3G1 William Armand Mala, PhD Senior Lecturer Department of Plant Biology University of Yaoundé I POBOX 337 Yaoundé, Cameroon Email: [email protected] [email protected] Dr. S.K. Tripathi Associate Professor, Department of forestry, University of Mizoram, Aizawl, Mizoram Dr. Rabidyuti Biswas, Associate Professor, Department of Physical Planning, School of Planning and Architecture, New Delhi 4 B. I.P. Estate, New Delhi - 110002 8 INTERNATIONAL REVIEW BOARD FOR THE SPECIAL ISSUE ON COMMUNITY FOOD SECURITY Dr. Chadra Prakash Kala, Indian Institute of Forest Management, India Dr. Derek Johnson, University of Manitoba, Canada Dr. Iain-Davidson Hunt, University of Manitoba, Canada Dr. Jacqueline Romanow, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. James Gardner, University of Victoria, Canada Dr. Jaime Cidro, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Joseph Brinckmann,Traditional Medicinals, USA Dr. Julie Pelletier, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Mark Ruml, University of Winnipeg, Canada Dr. Prateep