Mac for Unix Geeks ## references - dynamic man library <https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/Darwin/Reference/ManPages/> - CLI guides 10.3 <http://www.apple.com/server/docs/Command_Line.pdf> (10.3) 10.6 <http://manuals.info.apple.com/MANUALS/1000/MA1173/en_US/IntroCommandLine_v10.6.pdf> 10.9 <http://help.apple.com/advancedserveradmin/mac/3.1> Mac for Unix Geeks 4E (Leopard) [2008] <http://shop.oreilly.com/product/9780596520632.do> - Developer Tools (XCode) - gcc, make - Command Line Developer Tools for OS X - autoinstall on first run ## history AT&T UNIX -> A/UX (1991 Quadra 700/900) NeXTStep: (1989) 4.3BSD + Mach microkernel + Objective-C (1991) Tim Berners-Lee uses NeXTCube to create Web 1996 MkLinux for PowerPC 1997 Apple acquires NeXT OPENSTEP -> Darwin on XNU (modified Mach) kernel + I/O Kit 2001 Mac OS X 10.0 ## access Terminal Command-S at startup >console at login box (if showing user/password) ## shortcuts drag folder to Terminal window to insert path option-click to reposition cursor within shell command save shell scripts with .command suffix to make them clickable apps ## integration - where Unix appears Console == tail -f logs firewall via ipfw / pf sharing via File Sharing (smbd), Remote Login (sshd), Internet Sharing (natd), Web (Apache), Screen Sharing (VNC) printing via CUPS - <http://localhost:631> $ cupsctl WebInterface=yes OS X Server - CardDAV, CalDAV, DHCP (bootpd), Wiki/WebDAV, Mail (cyrus/dovecot/postfix), VPN (raccoon/ pppd), DNS (bind) X11 / XQuartz ## paths FreeBSD file structure title-case (Apple-land) vs lowercase (Unix-land) /private (etc, tmp, var) /Applications, Developer, Library, Network, System, Users, Volumes /.DocumentRevisions-V100/ (Versions) /.Spotlight-V100/ (metadata) /.Trashes/, ~/.Trashes/ ## commands * open open [path/to/document] || [path/to/folder] || [app name] # open document in alt editor $ open -a textwrangler test.txt # open URL in default browser open [URL] opendiff file1 file2 - launches FileMerge (part of Developer Tools) * clipboard pbcopy < filename $ command | pbcopy pbpaste pbpaste > filename $ pbpaste | command * Quick Look qlmanage -p [path/to/file] - preview file * text nano vi -> vim emacs * files applesingle / binhex / macbinary dot_clean .DS_Store (Finder settings, e.g. icon location and window size) ls -le (ACL) ls -l@ (extended attributes) [Spotlight] mdfind (search) / mdls (view metadata) / mdutil (manage metadata) / mdimport scp -E The ʻ-Eʼ flag preserves extended attributes, resource forks, and ACL information. textutil $ textutil -info MyFile $ textutil -convert html MyWordFile -output /tmp/webfile.html * PLists == Property Lists, defaults # set user LoginHook sudo defaults write com.apple.loginwindow LoginHook /path/to/script Property LIst Editor (XCode) /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy # Allow user to set DVD region once upon first insertion of disc $ /usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Set :rights:system.device.dvd.setregion.initial:class allow" /etc/authorization plutil ## remote admin * disks asr - Apple System Restore rsync | ditto | dd bless - manage boot / startup volumes createhomedir diskutil (Disk Utility - physical disks) hdiutil (DU - disk images) drutil (DU - disk burners) disktool (deprecated) * network airport $ /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport -s networksetup # check DNS servers on Ethernet interface $ networksetup -getdnsservers ethernet scutil - system config $ scutil -r IP $ scutil --get ComputerName (sharing) | LocalHostName (Bonjour) | HostName $ scutil --dns * software installer / pkgutil / packagemaker softwareupdate * system info sysctl - kernel state $ sysctl -n hw.model $ sysctl -n machdep.cpu.brand_string $ sysctl vm.loadavg system_profiler * system settings nvram -p pmset #Set System Sleep Preferences | 0 = Off | 15 = 15 Min | 20 = 20 Min | etc | $ pmset sleep 0 systemsetup # List startup disks $ systemsetup -liststartupdisks # Show current startup disk $ systemsetup -getstartupdisk # Change startup disk $ systemsetup -setstartupdisk path # Set time zone and time server. $ systemsetup -setusingnetworktime on $ systemsetup -settimezone America/New_York -setnetworktimeserver time.apple.com # Activate WakeOnLAN. $ systemsetup -setwakeonnetworkaccess on # Set computer to start up after power failure $ systemsetup -setwaitforstartupafterpowerfailure seconds (0 | 30 / +30 ) * user/group dscl dsmemberutil - to see what group a user or another group are a member of, or check user/group UUIDs dseditgroup - To edit, create, manipulate, or delete groups # Allow all local users to add/remove printers, as part of the lpadmin group, substitute localadmin for your admin's short username dseditgroup -o edit -u localadmin –t group -a staff _lpadmin dscacheutil - To work with various Directory Service caches, including LDAP and DNS # flush DNS cache 10.4: $lookupd -flushcache 10.5/10.6: dscacheutil -flushcache 10.7/10.8: sudo killall -HUP mDNSResponder dsenableroot - to enable root - - - ## misc automator / amlint / osascript caffeinate (10.8+) - disable sleep osascript scriptfile - run AppleScripts $ osascript -e 'Applescript syntax' screencapture $ screencapture -m screenfile.png ## launchd launchctl /System/Library/LaunchDaemons - Apple system daemons /System/Library/LaunchAgents - Apple agents (all users) /Library/LaunchDaemons - third party system daemons /Library/LaunchAgents - third party agents (all users) ~/Library/LaunchAgents - third party agents (logged-in user) Schedule via StartCalendarInterval / StartInterval keys ## extending - MacOSForge.org - open sourced Apple projects (WebKit, XQuartz) - MacPorts.org | FinkProject.org | Homebrew (Brew.sh) ## tools <http://www.clockwise.ee/gasmask/> - edit Hosts <http://www.hanynet.com/icefloor/> - Icefloor - edit PF Platypus Term2 Visor.