Drainage Institutions in Public Disclosure Authorized Western Europe: England, the Netherlands, France and Germany Niranjan Pant Public Disclosure Authorized Irrigation and Water Engineering Wageningen University The Netherlands November 2000 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized © International Bank for Reconstruction & Development, 2002 Rural Development Department 1818 H Street N.W. Washington, D.C. 20433 This paper was commissioned by the World Bank through the World Bank-Wageningen University Cooperative Programme. It was first printed in India as a CWP Working Paper Series. This paper carries the name of the author and should be used and cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions are the author’s own and should not attributed to the World Bank, its Board of Directors, its management, or any member countries. Preface This paper is one of a series of products created under a collaborative work program between the Rural Development Department of the World Bank, Washington D.C., and the Irrigation and Water Engineering Group at Wageningen University, the Netherlands. The program ran from 1999 to 2002 and was headed by Dr. Geert Diemer (World Bank) and Dr Peter P. Mollinga (Wageningen University). Dr. Mollinga served as primary editor for the series of products coming from this program. The activities in this program focused on participatory irrigation management. Through this cooperative program, Wageningen University staff participated in the Training of Trainers programs organized by International Network on Participatory Irrigation Management (INPIM) in Bari, Italy. The views expressed in the research papers are those of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the views of the program coordinators; Wageningen University; or the World Bank or its Board of Executive Directors. Acknowledgements The World Bank and Wageningen University would like to thank the Dutch Ministry of Development Cooperation, which funded the program. Their support is gratefully acknowledged, particularly that of Drs. Karin Roelofs. Drainage Institutions in Western Europe Contents Abbreviations ..................................................................................................................................iv Preface..............................................................................................................................................v Executive Summary.........................................................................................................................vi Introduction.....................................................................................................................................1 Drainage Institutions in England......................................................................................................3 Introduction....................................................................................................................................3 Legal Basis .....................................................................................................................................3 Institutional Framework...................................................................................................................4 Drainage at Local Level...................................................................................................................6 Funding for Drainage ......................................................................................................................8 Impact of Drainage on Agriculture ...................................................................................................9 Integrated Water Management ....................................................................................................... 10 Public Participation and Conflict Resolution ................................................................................... 11 Subsidiarity .................................................................................................................................. 11 Drainage Institutions in the Netherlands ........................................................................................13 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 13 Legal Basis ................................................................................................................................... 14 Water Administration Act......................................................................................................16 Water Boards Act.................................................................................................................16 Institutional Framework................................................................................................................. 16 Drainage at Local Level................................................................................................................. 17 Funding for Drainage .................................................................................................................... 19 The Water Board Taxes ........................................................................................................19 Impact of Drainage on Agriculture ................................................................................................. 21 Integrated Water Management ....................................................................................................... 22 Public Participation and Conflict Resolution ................................................................................... 22 Subsidiarity .................................................................................................................................. 25 DRAINAGE INSTITUTIONS IN FRANCE ..............................................................................................26 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 26 Legal Basis ................................................................................................................................... 26 Institutional Framework................................................................................................................. 26 Funding for Drainage .................................................................................................................... 31 Impact of Drainage on Agriculture ................................................................................................. 32 Integrated Water Management ....................................................................................................... 33 Public Participation and Conflict Resolution ................................................................................... 33 IWE-WU-CWR-RP-03 i Subsidiarity .................................................................................................................................. 34 Drainage in Institutions in Germany ..............................................................................................35 Introduction.................................................................................................................................. 35 Legal Basis ................................................................................................................................... 35 Institutional Framework................................................................................................................. 37 Drainage at Local Level................................................................................................................. 37 Local Drainage Associations in Ost Friesland........................................................................39 Landshatts- und Kulturbauverband Emden (LKV) ..................................................................40 Entwasserungsverband, Emden (EVE)...................................................................................41 Funding for Drainage .................................................................................................................... 43 Impact of Drainage on Agriculture ................................................................................................. 46 Impact of Drainage on Agriculture ................................................................................................. 47 Impact of Drainage on Agriculture ................................................................................................. 48 Integrated Water Management ....................................................................................................... 50 Public Participation and Conflict Resolution ................................................................................... 50 Subsidiarity .................................................................................................................................. 51 Summing Up...................................................................................................................................53 Overview of Drainage Institutions .................................................................................................. 53 Institutional Strengths ...................................................................................................................