I. ISLAND OF OAHU Map of Oahu (Map taken from Google map) 4 - 3 Oahu History Oahu: With an area of 607.7 square miles, Oahu (also known as The Gathering Place) is the third largest island. It is formed of two mountain ranges, the Koolau on the east and the Waianae on the west. Lava flows from both have joined to create a central plain, the Leilehua Plateau, and a raised coral reef forms the south shore of the island and parts of the remaining coast. In both mountain ranges are amphitheater‐headed valleys and spectacular cliffs. The island has no active volcanoes but many extinct craters, notably Diamond Head, Koko Head, and Punchbowl. As the seat of state government and business, the island of Oahu led the islands in road and bridge construction due to its greater population and tax base. Post World War I, Oahu became an essential component of the strategic role the United States played in the Pacific. After the 1941 bombing of Pearl Harbor and Hawaii’s subsequent entry into World War II, construction of highways and bridges deemed vital for National Defense was accelerated. Today, Oahu is primarily urban and contains some of Hawaii's most expensive and technologically complex road construction projects, including a major highway system around the island and three tunnels (Wilson, Likelike, and the H‐3) through the central mountains. Although Oahu had the earliest and greatest number of bridges constructed in the islands, intensive development has led to the destruction and reconstruction of many early examples. 4 - 4 II. BRIDGE MATRIX: OAHU Oahu State Bridge Matrix Listed on Bridge Bridge Feature Feature Construction Bridge Parapet/Railing Eligibility Page National/Hawaii Character Defining Feature (Significance) Number Name Crossed Carried Date Type Type Status* No. Register Ahuimanu Stream Concrete Box Program 003000830303803 Ahuimanu Stream Kahekili Highway 1963 Concrete and Metal No This is a typical post‐war bridge and falls under Program Comments. n/a (Hui Iwa) Culvert Comments Aiea Interchange Kamehameha Program 003000780400001 Moanalua Freeway 1966 Steel Stringer Concrete and Metal No This is a typical post‐war bridge and falls under Program Comments. n/a No. 2 Highway Comments Aiea Interchange Kamehameha Aiea Heights Access Program This is a typical post‐war bridge and falls under Program Comments. The 003000991202143 1965 Steel Stringer Concrete and Metal No n/a No. 4 Higway Road Comments bridge is also associated with the development of H‐1 Freeway. Moanalua Freeway Aiea Interchange (Aiea Interchange Program 003000780000049 Pedestrian Pedestrian 1966 Concrete Girder Metal Horizontal No This is a typical post‐war bridge and falls under Program Comments. n/a Pedestrian Comments Overpass Overpass) This bridge has lost integrity due to significant alterations in 1965. The bridge Kamehameha 003000990402120 Aiea Stream Aiea Stream 1938 Concrete Tee Beam Concrete and Metal No Not Eligible does not reflect the typical characteristics of a 1930s bridge and does not fall n/a Highway under Program Comments due to its construction date in 1938. • Associated with the Ala Wai Canal and development of Waikiki district Ala Moana • Located within the Waikiki special district 003000920400861 Ala Wai Canal Ala Wai Canal 1939 Concrete Tee Beam Metal Horizontal No Non‐Contributing 4 ‐ 34 Boulevard • See National Register of Historic Places Nomination Form on Ala Wai Canal in appendices for related information • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Old Farrington Concrete Open 003000930300071 Awawanui Stream Awawanui Stream 1927 Concrete Tee Beam No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 37 Highway Arched • Good example of a 1920’s reinforced concrete tee beam bridge Likelike Highway Burmeister Concrete Open • Built as a result of the Territory refusing to build the mauka entrance to 003000631100418 (Burmeister Private Road 1959 Concrete Girder No Eligible 4 ‐ 40 Overpass Horizontal Edward R. Burmeister Kalihi Valley land from the current Likelike Highway Overpass) 4 - Central This is a typical post‐war bridge and falls under Program Comments. This 6 Intermediate Program pedestrian overpass was constructed to mitigate the extension of North 003098001400116 Vineyard Boulevard Pedestrian 1957 Concrete Tee Beam Metal Picket No n/a Pedestrian Comments Vineyard Boulevard to connect with the H‐1 Freeway. The extension Overpass separated Central Intermediate School from its playground area. Double 12 ft. x 10 Kamehameha Concrete Box This culvert does not have distinctive engineering or architectural features 003000830304369 ft. Concrete Box Unnamed Stream 1933 Metal Thrie Beam No Not Eligible n/a Highway Culvert that depart from standard culvert design. Culvert Double Section Metal Corrugated Program 003090001400038 Unknown Stream Farrington Highway 1965 Concrete and Metal No This is a typical post‐war culvert and falls under Program Comments. n/a Plate Pipe Culvert Culvert Comments Double‐Cell Box Kalanianaole Concrete Box Program 003000720401801 Unnamed Stream 1958 Metal Horizontal No This is a typical post‐war culvert and falls under Program Comments. n/a Culvert Highway Culvert Comments Farrington Highway‐ • Uncommon use of steel material in Hawaii’s extreme marine environment Concrete Open High Preservation 003009301101728 Waialua Plantation Farrington Highway Plantation Road 1940 Steel Stringer No • Good example of a 1940’s reinforced concrete and steel stringer bridge 4 ‐ 43 Horizontal Value Road • Bridge is not publicly accessible Former Halawa Former Halawa Halawa Heights Concrete Open Program 003071001400224 1952 Concrete Tee Beam No This is a typical post‐war bridge and falls under Program Comments. n/a Ridge Road Ridge Road Road Horizontal Comments Haiamoa Stream‐ Double 10 ft. x 5 ft. Kamehameha Concrete Box This culvert does not have distinctive engineering or architectural features 003000830303604 Haiamoa Stream 1922 Concrete Solid No Not Eligible n/a Concrete Box Highway Culvert that depart from standard culvert design. Culvert • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Kamehameha Concrete Solid 003000830303252 Hakipuu Stream Hakipuu Stream 1922 Concrete Tee Beam No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 46 Highway Panel with Cap • Good example of a 1920’s concrete tee beam bridge This bridge has lost integrity due to significant alterations. In 2009 the bridge Halawa Stream Kamehameha 003000990402211 Halawa Stream 1934 Concrete Girder Concrete and Metal No Not Eligible was rehabilitated and widened. The superstructure has been completely n/a (Eastbound) Highway replaced however the original piers and pile foundations remain. *High Preservation Value: Has unique or exemplary characteristics of a bridge type and exhibits high degrees of historic integrity. Eligible: Not unique or the best example of a type, but may become a rare example of a bridge type in the future; reflects characteristics of its bridge type. Not Eligible: Has lost historic integrity through significant alteration or does not reflect characteristics from its time period. Program Comments: Common post-war bridges built after 1945 covered by Advisory Council program comments. Non-Contributing: The bridge/culvert is non-contributing to the historic district. ** This bridge falls under “Not Eligible” or “Program Comments” and has potentially historic resources adjacent to the structure that requires additional consideration. Oahu State Bridge Matrix Listed on Bridge Bridge Feature Feature Construction Bridge Parapet/Railing Eligibility Page National/Hawaii Character Defining Feature (Significance) Number Name Crossed Carried Date Type Type Status* No. Register • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Halawa Stream Kamehameha Concrete Open 003000990402212 Halawa Stream 1945 Concrete Tee Beam No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 49 (Westbound) Highway Greek Cross • Good example of a 1940’s reinforced concrete bridge • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Kamehameha Concrete Solid 003000830302169 Hauula Stream Hauula Stream 1932 Concrete Tee Beam No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 52 Highway Panel with Cap • Good example of a 1930’s reinforced concrete bridge Heeia Stream Concrete Box Program 003000830303972 Heeia Stream Kahekili Highway 1963 Metal Thrie Beam No This is a typical post‐war culvert and falls under Program Comments. n/a Culvert Culvert Comments • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Hoolapa Stream‐ Kamehameha Concrete Solid 003000830301357 Hoolapa Stream 1931 Concrete Tee Beam No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 55 Nanahu Highway Panel with Cap • Good example of a 1930’s concrete tee beam bridge • Arch bridges are an uncommon bridge type Ihiihilauakea Ihiihilauakea Kalanianaole High Preservation • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in 003074001400274 1931 Open Spandrel Arch Metal Thrie Beam No 4 ‐ 58 Stream Stream Highway Value Hawaii • Good example of a 1930’s open spandrel concrete arch bridge in Oahu • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Kamehameha Concrete Solid 003000830302903 Kaaawa Stream Kaaawa Stream 1927 Concrete Slab No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 61 Highway Panel with Cap • Good example of a 1920’s reinforced concrete bridge • Associated with early developments in concrete bridge construction in Kamehameha Concrete Solid 003000830303575 Kaalaea Stream Kaalaea Stream 1923 Concrete Slab No Eligible Hawaii 4 ‐ 64 Highway Panel with Cap • Good example of a 1920’s reinforced concrete bridge Kalanianaole