World History Chapter 9: 1100-1399 A.D. Section 6: 1200-1299 A.D. Cultural History By Dallin Hardy Catholic Church Franciscans 1209 Francis of Assisi Members of Franciscan Order Lived Simply In extreme poverty Dominicans 1216 Dominic de Guzman Members of Dominican Order Preached Combated heresy Summa Theologica 1274 Thomas Aquinas Romanesque/Gothic Architecture Santiago de Compostela Cathedral 1211 Spain Gothic Architecture Chartres Cathedral 1220 France Notre-Dame de la Belle-Verrière 1225 Chartres Cathedral South Transept Rose Window 1230 Chartres Cathedral Sainte-Chapelle 1248 Paris, France Amiens Cathedral 1269 France Beauvais Cathedral 1272 France Gothic Sculpture The Death of the Virgin 1220 Strasbourg Cathedral Annunciation and Nativity 1260 Nicola Pisano Pisa Universities University of Cambridge 1209 England University of Paris 1257 Medieval books Hand-copied Medieval Degrees Bachelor of arts Masters of Arts Doctorate Literature Latin Universal language of Medieval civilization Vernacular Literature 12th century Vernacular Language of everyday speech The Poem of the Cid 1207 Spain Old Spanish Also called Cantar de Mio Cid Robin Hood Beginning of Robin Hood 1283 “Lytil Jhon and Robyne Hude Wayth-men ware commendyd gude In Yngilwode and Barnysdale Thai oysyd all this tyme thare trawale.” Robin Hood Legendary folk hero Sherwood Forest Sheriff of Nottingham Little John Maid Marian Sculpture Horses of Saint Mark 1254 Placed upon cathedral Early English Gothic Salisbury Cathedral 1258 Castles Kilkenny Castle 1213 Ireland Conway Castle 1289 Wales Proto Renaissance Madonna Enthroned 1285 Cimabue Florence, Italy Crucifix 1288 Cimabue Florence, Italy Italian Literature The New Life 1295 Dante Also called Vita Nuova .