Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Graduate Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 2017 Evaluation of pig and cattle performance under small scale farmers’ management conditions Muhammed Walugembe Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd Part of the Agriculture Commons, and the Animal Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Walugembe, Muhammed, "Evaluation of pig and cattle performance under small scale farmers’ management conditions" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 15450. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/etd/15450 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evaluation of pig and cattle performance under small scale farmers’ management conditions by Muhammed Walugembe A dissertation submitted to the graduate faculty in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Major: Animal Science Program of Study Committee: Max. F. Rothschild, Co-major Professor Kenneth J. Stalder, Co-major Professor Philip M. Dixon John W. Mabry Curtis R. Youngs Iowa State University Ames, Iowa 2017 Copyright © Muhammed Walugembe, 2017. All rights reserved. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... ix CHAPTER 1 . GENERAL INTRODUCTION .............................................................................. 1 Dissertation organization............................................................................................................. 3 CHAPTER 2 . REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................. 4 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 4 Livestock production systems ..................................................................................................... 5 Gender and its role in livestock production ................................................................................ 7 Swine growth traits.................................................................................................................... 10 Berkshire breed ......................................................................................................................... 12 Livestock body weight estimation without scales ..................................................................... 13 Summary ................................................................................................................................... 17 Literature cited .......................................................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 3 . PREDICTION OF LIVE BODY WEIGHT USING VARIOUS BODY MEASUREMENTS IN UGANDAN VILLAGE PIGS ............................................................... 28 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 28 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................. 31 Study location ........................................................................................................................ 31 Weighing and measuring pigs ............................................................................................... 32 Categorization of pigs ............................................................................................................ 33 Data analyses ......................................................................................................................... 33 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 34 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 35 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 37 Literature cited .......................................................................................................................... 39 iii CHAPTER 4 . EVALUATION OF GROWTH, DEPOSITION OF BACKFAT, AND LOIN MUSCLE FOR PUREBRED BERKSHIRE PIGS HOUSED IN BEDDED HOOP BUILDINGS ................................................................................................................................. 44 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 44 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 45 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................. 46 Animals and experimental design .......................................................................................... 46 Dietary treatments .................................................................................................................. 47 Data collection ....................................................................................................................... 47 Data analyses ......................................................................................................................... 48 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 48 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 50 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................................... 52 Literature cited .......................................................................................................................... 53 CHAPTER 5 . GENDER INTRA-HOUSEHOLD CONTRIBUTIONS TO LOW-INPUT DAIRY PRODUCTION IN SENEGAL ....................................................................................... 60 Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... 61 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 62 Materials and methods .............................................................................................................. 63 Overview ................................................................................................................................... 63 Project site description .............................................................................................................. 63 Data collection........................................................................................................................... 64 Data analyses ............................................................................................................................. 65 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 66 Household livelihood sources and demographics ................................................................. 66 Intra-household responsibilities on dairy - male headed households and from male respondents ............................................................................................................................ 68 Intra-household responsibilities on dairy - male headed households and from female respondents ............................................................................................................................ 70 iv Intra-household responsibilities on dairy - female headed households and from female respondents ............................................................................................................................ 70 Gendered perceptions on dairy cattle breeds ......................................................................... 70 Gendered perceptions on constraints to dairy........................................................................ 72 Gendered training needs on dairy .......................................................................................... 72 Discussion ................................................................................................................................. 72 Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... 76 Literature cited .......................................................................................................................... 77 CHAPTER 6. GENERAL CONCLUSIONS ..............................................................................