UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2000 Self-stabilizing Border Gateway Protocol Yu Chen University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Chen, Yu, "Self-stabilizing Border Gateway Protocol" (2000). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/93px-l0my This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. 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SELF-STABILIZING BORDER GATEWAY PROTOCOL by Yu Chen Bachelor of Arts JiangXi University, NanChang, China 1992 Master of Education University of Nevada, Las Vegas 1996 A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the M aster of Science Degree Department of Computer Science Howard R. Hughes College of Engineering Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas December 2000 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1403066 UMI UMI Microform 1403066 Copyright 2001 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thesis Approval UNLV The Graduate College UnK'crsity of Nevada, Las Vegas September 22 2000 Tlie Thesis prepared by Yu C hen Entitled Self-Stabilizing Border Gateway Protocol is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Deim of the Crihbiiile College Exanniwlioit Comiuitlcc Member Exnminntian Comniillee Member Cradiialc College Factillif Rei.iresenbitive P R /m i-■=:?/i m II Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Self-Stabilizing Border Gateway Protocol by Yu Chen Dr. Ajoy Kumar Datta, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Computer Science University of Nevada, Las Vegas The Border Gateway Protocol (BOP) is currently the only inter-domain routing protocol employed on the Internet. It is designed to exchange the reachability information among the autonomous systems in the global Internet. The Internet routing instability (or the rapid fluctuation of the network reachability information) is an important problem facing the Internet engineering community. With the wide availability of the Internet, the Internet failures may not only interrupt the daily routines of countless end-users, but also generate millions of dollars of loss in e-commerce. Since BGP has an impact on routing in the global Internet, the design and implementation of a robust and fault-tolerant Border Gateway Protocol is an important research topic. We achieve the fault-tolerance of BGP using the paradigm of self-stabilization. A self- stabilizing protocol, starting from an arbitrary state converges, within finite steps, to a state from where the system exhibits the desired behavior. In this thesis, we propose a self-stabilizing Border Gateway Protocol. Our design consists of mainly two phases: First, we investigate the Interior Gateway Protocols (IGP) which runs under the BGP. We design a self-stabilizing IGP. Because IGP provides the routing information inside an autonomous system, its stability is a crucial aspect of stabilization of the BGP. Then, we design a self-stabilizing BGP. iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... üi LIST OF FIGURES ............................................................................................................ vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS............................................................................................... vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................... I Self-Stabilization ......................................................................................................... I Routing Instability ...................................................................................................... 2 Related W ork ............................................................................................................... 2 Our Contributions .......................................................................................................... 3 Outline of the thesis ....................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER 2 MODEL .................................................................................................. 5 Distributed System .................................................................................................... 5 P ro g ra m.............................................................................................................................. 6 Self-Stabilization ............................................................................................................. 7 CHAPTER 3 INTRA-DOMAIN ROUTING P R O T O C O L S ................................. 8 Interior Gateway Protocol ......................................................................................... 9 Distance Vector Routing and R I P ....................................................................... 9 Link State Routing and OSPF ............................................................................. 10 Specification of Intra-domain Routing Problem ................................................... 11 CHAPTER 4 INTER-DOMAIN ROUTING PROTOCOLS ................................ 12 BGP Overview ............................................................................................................ 12 IBGP ......................................................................................................................... 13 EBGP ...................................................................................................................... 15 B G P -4 ............................................................................................................................ 15 BGP Message T ypes............................................................................................ 16 Routing Information Bases ................................................................................... 16 BGP Route Selection ............................................................................................ 18 Internet Routing Instability ...................................................................................... 20 Specification of Inter-domain Routing Problem ................................................... 20 CHAPTER 5 OSPF PROTOCOL ............................................................................. 22 Global Topology Maintenance Using Counter Flushing ........................................ 22 Specification ............................................................................................................. 22 Reliable Flooding ................................................................................................... 23 Algorithm Q'TM...................................................................................................