Good Neighbor Policy 1933 https://i.pinimg.com/736x/10/c1/b0/10c1b07e5a520bf91b7488ff0189c3a9--good-neighbor-policy-funny- history.jpg Good Neighbor Armed Intervention Removed Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine “In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor—the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others.” FDR http://wolfsonian.fiu.edu/explore/collections/strengthen-good-neighbor-policy-understanding-our-southern- neighbors “No state has the right to intervene in the internal or external affairs of another” “The definite policy of the United States from now on is one opposed to armed intervention” Armed Intervention Removed Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine Cuba December 6, 1917 Bolshevik Party Refused to honor prior debts—Woodrow Wilson Separate Peace with Germany Americans living in Russia Soviet Union Recognized in 1933 Why? Trade v. Germany v. Japan https://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/media_nm.php?ModuleId=0&MediaId=8948 “forever remain normal and friendly” November 16, 1933 11:55 pm Joseph Stalin Francisco Franco Benito Mussolini 1935 Ethiopia Adolf Hitler 1933-Withdraw League of Nations Rome-Berlin Axis (later Japan) Japan 1934-Termination Washington Naval Treaty 1935-Withdraw from League of Nations 1940-Tripartite Pact Germany and Italy Neutrality Acts of 1935, 1936, and 1937 1935- Sell or transport munitions to a belligerent 1936- Cannot make loans to a belligerent country 1937- No American could legally sail on a belligerent ship--Visit country of belligerent Hitler Military Treaty of Versailles?? 1935 sent troops into demilitarized German Rhineland 1938 Austria Sudetenland March 1939 Czechoslovakia https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~rapte22p/classweb/interwarperiod/hitlersforeignpolicy.html 1935 1938 Sudetenland 1939 1938 https://www.historyonthenet.com/nazi-germany-the-rhineland/ https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~rapte22p/classweb/interwarperiod/hitlersforeignpolicy.html Isolationism/Appeasement 1937 Japan in China Neutrality Laws Not an officially declared war https://www.mtholyoke.edu/~rapte22p/classweb/interwarperiod/hitlersforeignpolicy.html Quarantine Speech Embargo on “aggressors” All neutral nations Quarantine Evil Powers War compared to disease Non-interference to “aggressive stance” Vague Economic sanctions Diplomatic isolation http://www.alba-valb.org/resources/lessons/the-spanish-civil-war-u.s.-foreign-policy-individual- conscience-between-the-world-wars/roosevelt2019s-201cquarantine-speech201d Munich Pact September 30, 1938 Great Britain, Germany, and France Czechoslovakia to Germany https://www.historyonthenet.com/nazi-germany-the-rhineland/ Munich Pact guaranteed "peace in our time" September 30, 1938 Neville Chamberlain https://winstonchurchill.hillsdale.edu/harris-air-power-munich/ Hero? https://www.winstonchurchill.org/resources/speeches/1930-1938-the-wilderness/the-munich-agreement/ Neville Chamberlain 250 aircraft (fighters and bombers)– 1st quarter 1938 2500– 3rd quarter 1940 https://winstonchurchill.hillsdale.marketing/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Aircraft.gif Neville Chamberlain “Neville Chamberlain acted with perfect sincerity according to his lights and strove to the utmost of his capacity and authority, which were powerful, to save the world from the awful, devastating struggle.” Winston Churchill September 1, 1939 ???? Japan 1930 Silk Industry Militarism/Imperialism 1931 Manchuria Population increase in Japan South Manchuria Railway Company-Investment 1932 Stimson Doctrine https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/mukden-incident Japan United States Total land area 145,946 sq mi 3,615,054 sq mi California 163,696 sq mi http://afe.easia.columbia.edu/japan/japanworkbook/geography/map3.jpeg Japan Wanted Asia for Asians—but really fighting for Japan 80% of oil from US Panay 1937 U.S. Gunboat Japan 3 killed/73 wounded Apology/Indemnity https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=17110447 http://www.navsource.org/archives/12/12120512.jpg Hitler-Stalin Pact August 23, 1939 Non-aggression Pact/Nazi-Soviet Pact Germany Poland?? September 1, 1939 Poland Neutrality Act of 1939 Cash and Carry https://cioccahistory.pbworks.com/w/page/38351628/Neutrality%20Act%20of%201939%20(second) Kristallnacht November 9, 1938 “night of broken glass” instigated by speech from Nazi Joseph Goebbels Attacked 7,000 Jewish shops Attacked most synagogues in Germany 91 Jews killed 30,000 sent to concentration camps St. Louis left Germany in 1939 with 937 passengers Returned to Europe, many killed by Nazis War Refugee Board Executive Order 9417 January 22, 1944, and September 15, 1945 “American policy of rescue and relief” Only Response Hungarian Jews John Pehle (1st Director) “little and late” FDR Wendell Willkie promised to stay out of war promised to stay out of war strengthen nation's defense strengthen nation's defense “third tier president or third term president” “sent into foreign wars” Rooseveltian “dictatorship” labor unions/big-city political machines/minorities/Democratic Solid South Election of 1940 http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showelection.php?year=1940 Congress 71st Congress (1929-1931) 72nd Congress (1931–1933) 73rd Congress (1933–1935) 164 Democrats 216 Democrats 313 Democrats 270 Republicans 218 Republicans 117 Republicans 1 Farmer-Labor 1 Farmer-Labor 5 Farmer-Labor 74th Congress (1935–1937) 75th Congress (1937–1939) 76th Congress (1939–1941) 322 Democrats 334 Democrats 262 Democrats 103 Republicans 88 Republicans 169 Republicans 7 Progressives 8 Progressives 2 Progressives 3 Farmer-Labor 5 Farmer-Labor 1 American-Labor 1 Farmer-Labor 77th Congress (1941–1943) 78th Congress (1943–1945) 267 Democrats 222 Democrats 162 Republicans 209 Republicans 3 Progressives 2 Progressives 1 American-Labor 1 American-Labor 1 Farmer-Labor 1 Farmer-Labor 1 Independent Democrat Lend-Lease Act (Bill HR 1776) “An Act Further to Promote the Defense of the United States” limitless supply Hope? “Send guns, not sons”/“Billions, not bodies” Isolationists and anti-Roosevelt Republicans “blank-check bill” “give the President power to carry on a kind of undeclared war all over the world, in which America would do everything except actually put soldiers in the front line trenches where the fighting is.” Senator Robert Taft Press Conference, FDR, December 17, 1940 In the present world situation...it is important from a selfish viewpoint of American defense that we should do everything to help the British Empire defend itself. Suppose the home of the President’s neighbor catches fire and he has a length of hose, 400 or 500 feet. If he can take the hose and connect it to the neighbor’s hydrant, he may be able to put out the fire. He does not say his hose cost $15; pay me $15. He doesn’t want $15, but his (hose) back when the fire is over. The neighbor gives back the hose and pays him for the use of it. If it gets smashed in the fire, the President says he was glad to lend it. The neighbor says he will replace the part destroyed. If the President has got back his hose, he has done a pretty good job. http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15913 Lend-Lease Act all-out war production Hitler recognized lend-lease as unofficial declaration of war Germany avoided US May 21, 1941--Robin Moor Sank unarmed American merchantman https://www.ourdocuments.gov/doc.php?flash=false&doc=71# “Baby Betty Rothwell Loves her Orange Juice. She was very thin and ailing until Lend-Lease Concentrated Orange Juice arrived in England” Office of War Information https://www.loc.gov/item/today-in-history/october-23/ https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc265/ May 1941 German British, Greek, Yugoslavian (March 1941) https://www.westpoint.edu/history/SiteAssets/SitePages/World%20War%20II%20Europe/W WIIEurope17.gif Atlantic (Charter) Conference August 9 and 10, 1941 U.S.S. Augusta 8 Common Principles-Postwar Placentia Bay, Newfoundland 1. No territorial gains were to be sought by the United States or the United Kingdom 2. Territorial adjustments must be in accord with the wishes of the peoples concerned 3. All peoples had a right to self-determination. 4. Trade barriers were to be lowered 5. There was to be global economic cooperation and advancement of social welfare 6. Freedom from want and fear 7. Freedom of the seas 8. Disarmament of aggressor nations, postwar common disarmament http://www.mun.ca/voicesofplacentiabay/map.html 1. Joint declaration against Axis aggression 2. Wilsonian-vision for the postwar world 3. Inspiration for colonial subjects throughout Third World countries Vietnam Roosevelt Wanted American people to support back U.S. intervention in World War II Pearl Harbor Churchill Wanted “to get the Americans into the war” Increase military aid to Great Britain Warn Japan against taking any aggressive actions in the Pacific Japan September 1940 Alliance with Germany Dependent Steel, Iron, Oil, and aviation gasoline 1940 U.S. Embargo 1941 Froze Assets US Japan leave China Japan Recognition Embargo Japan December 7, 1941 “Black Sunday” “a date which will live in infamy” 1 vote December 11 Germany and Italy http://blogs.baylor.edu/ww2propaganda/photographs/ http://ctah.binghamton.edu/student/macchiano/macchianoprint.html https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc549/ http://www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/exeas/asian- revolutions/resources/poster-politics.html.