Complexity Complexity and Project Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Lead Guest Editor: José Ramón San Cristóbal Mateo Guest Editors: Emma Diaz Ruiz de Navamuel, Luis Carral Couce, José Ángel Fraguela Formoso, and Gregorio Iglesias Complexity and Project Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Complexity Complexity and Project Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research Lead Guest Editor: José Ramón San Cristóbal Mateo Guest Editors: Emma Diaz Ruiz de Navamuel, Luis Carral Couce, José Ángel Fraguela Formoso, and Gregorio Iglesias Copyright © 2019 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Complexity.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribu- tion License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board José A. Acosta, Spain Carlos Gershenson, Mexico Irene Otero-Muras, Spain Carlos F. Aguilar-Ibáñez, Mexico Peter Giesl, UK Yongping Pan, Singapore Mojtaba Ahmadieh Khanesar, UK Sergio Gómez, Spain Daniela Paolotti, Italy Tarek Ahmed-Ali, France Lingzhong Guo, UK Cornelio Posadas-Castillo, Mexico Alex Alexandridis, Greece Xianggui Guo, China Mahardhika Pratama, Singapore Basil M. Al-Hadithi, Spain Sigurdur F. Hafstein, Iceland Luis M. Rocha, USA Juan A. Almendral, Spain Chittaranjan Hens, Israel Miguel Romance, Spain Diego R. Amancio, Brazil Giacomo Innocenti, Italy Avimanyu Sahoo, USA David Arroyo, Spain Sarangapani Jagannathan, USA Matilde Santos, Spain Mohamed Boutayeb, France Mahdi Jalili, Australia Josep Sardanyés Cayuela, Spain Átila Bueno, Brazil Jeffrey H. Johnson, UK Ramaswamy Savitha, Singapore Arturo Buscarino, Italy M. Hassan Khooban, Denmark Hiroki Sayama, USA Guido Caldarelli, Italy Abbas Khosravi, Australia Michele Scarpiniti, Italy Eric Campos-Canton, Mexico Toshikazu Kuniya, Japan Enzo Pasquale Scilingo, Italy Mohammed Chadli, France Vincent Labatut, France Dan Selişteanu, Romania Émile J. L. Chappin, Netherlands Lucas Lacasa, UK Dehua Shen, China Diyi Chen, China Guang Li, UK Dimitrios Stamovlasis, Greece Yu-Wang Chen, UK Qingdu Li, Germany Samuel Stanton, USA Giulio Cimini, Italy Chongyang Liu, China Roberto Tonelli, Italy Danilo Comminiello, Italy Xiaoping Liu, Canada Shahadat Uddin, Australia Sara Dadras, USA Xinzhi Liu, Canada Gaetano Valenza, Italy Sergey Dashkovskiy, Germany Rosa M. Lopez Gutierrez, Mexico Dimitri Volchenkov, USA Manlio De Domenico, Italy Vittorio Loreto, Italy Christos Volos, Greece Pietro De Lellis, Italy Noureddine Manamanni, France Zidong Wang, UK Albert Diaz-Guilera, Spain Didier Maquin, France Yan-Ling Wei, Singapore Thach Ngoc Dinh, France Eulalia Martínez, Spain Honglei Xu, Australia Jordi Duch, Spain Marcelo Messias, Brazil Yong Xu, China Marcio Eisencraft, Brazil Ana Meštrović, Croatia Xinggang Yan, UK Joshua Epstein, USA Ludovico Minati, Japan Baris Yuce, UK Mondher Farza, France Ch. P. Monterola, Philippines Massimiliano Zanin, Spain Thierry Floquet, France Marcin Mrugalski, Poland Hassan Zargarzadeh, USA Mattia Frasca, Italy Roberto Natella, Italy Rongqing Zhang, USA José Manuel Galán, Spain Sing Kiong Nguang, New Zealand Xianming Zhang, Australia Lucia Valentina Gambuzza, Italy Nam-Phong Nguyen, USA Xiaopeng Zhao, USA Bernhard C. Geiger, Austria B. M. Ombuki-Berman, Canada Quanmin Zhu, UK Contents Complexity and Project Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research José R. San Cristóbal ,EmmaDiaz,LuisCarral ,JoséA.Fraguela,andGregorioIglesias Editorial (2 pages), Article ID 6979721, Volume 2019 (2019) Complexity and Project Management: A General Overview José R. San Cristóbal , Luis Carral ,EmmaDiaz,JoséA.Fraguela,andGregorioIglesias Review Article (10 pages), Article ID 4891286, Volume 2018 (2019) Comparing Project Complexity across Different Industry Sectors Marian Bosch-Rekveldt , Hans Bakker, and Marcel Hertogh Research Article (15 pages), Article ID 3246508, Volume 2018 (2019) Exploring Project Complexity through Project Failure Factors: Analysis of Cluster Patterns Using Self-Organizing Maps Vicente Rodríguez Montequín , Joaquín Villanueva Balsera, Sonia María Cousillas Fernández, and Francisco Ortega Fernández Research Article (17 pages), Article ID 9496731, Volume 2018 (2019) Measuring the Project Management Complexity: The Case of Information Technology Projects Rocio Poveda-Bautista ,Jose-AntonioDiego-Mas , and Diego Leon-Medina Research Article (19 pages), Article ID 6058480, Volume 2018 (2019) Strategies for Managing the Structural and Dynamic Consequences of Project Complexity Serghei Floricel , Sorin Piperca, and Richard Tee Research Article (17 pages), Article ID 3190251, Volume 2018 (2019) Hindawi Complexity Volume 2019, Article ID 6979721, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/6979721 Editorial Complexity and Project Management: Challenges, Opportunities, and Future Research José R. San Cristóbal ,1 Emma Diaz,2 Luis Carral ,3 José A. Fraguela,3 and Gregorio Iglesias4 1 Project Management Research Group, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39004, Spain 2Escuela Tecnica´ Superior de Nautica,´ Universidad de Cantabria, Santander 39004, Spain 3Department of Naval and Industrial Engineering, GEM, Universidade da Coruna,˜ Ferrol 15403, Spain 4University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK Correspondence should be addressed to JoseR.SanCrist´ obal;´ [email protected] Received 23 December 2018; Accepted 24 December 2018; Published 6 January 2019 Copyright © JoseR.SanCrist´ obal´ et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Owing to its societal and economic relevance, Project Man- complexity. A large amount of required resources, a turbulent agement has become an important and relevant discipline environment, working on the edge of technology, and a large and a key concept in modern private and public organiza- number and diversity of actors working and communicating tions. Modern Project Management appeared during World with each other are all factors that affect project outcome. War II and, since then, it has grown up and spread around is complex environment influences project planning, coor- the world to become what it is today, that is, a set of practices, dination, and control; it can also affect the selection of an principles, theories, and methodologies. appropriate project organization structure and hinder the Project Management is the application of knowledge, clear identification of project goals. skills, tools, and techniques to project activities in order When problems fundamentally dynamic are treated stat- to meet project objectives. It is more applied and inter- ically, delays and cost overruns are common. Experience disciplinary than other management disciplines. Nowadays, suggests that the interrelationships between the project’s Project Management is a well-recognized discipline practiced components are more complex than it is suggested by tra- by almost all organizations which has accumulated exten- ditional approaches. ese, traditional approaches, using a sive knowledge and wide-industry based experience. Today, static approach, provide project managers with unrealistic project managers have gained recognition and employment estimations that ignore the nonlinear relationships of a opportunities beyond construction, aerospace, and defense, projectand,thus,areinadequatetothechallengeoftoday’s in pharmaceuticals, information systems, and manufactur- dynamic and complex projects. ing. Complex projects demand an exceptional level of man- However, paradoxically, many projects do not meet cus- agement and the application of the traditional tools and tomer expectations, and cost and schedule overruns are quite techniques developed for ordinary projects have been found common. Why then is so much effort spent today on projects to be inappropriate for complex projects. Complex Project to achieve only moderate levels of success? What is missing Management is a specialist profession that requires a specific in Project Management? Project Management is a complex set of competencies and a deep understanding of the project activity and a risky organizational adventure, different than and its environment. If project managers want to execute any functional activity or ongoing operation. a project successfully, in a context of increased complexity, Projects have become more and more complex because it is not only necessary that they attend the demands of of the increasing factors that are considered source of an increasingly complex environment or they develop the Complexity right strategies to address the new challenges, a willingness to change leadership style will also be required. Project managers must be able to make decisions in the dynamic and unstable environments that are continuously changing and evolving in a random fashion and are hard to predict. To achieve this objective, more integrated approaches for managing projects and new methods of planning, scheduling, executing, and controlling projects must be investigated. e aim of this special issue is to publish selective ongoing research contributions that contribute and stimulate the debate in the topic. Conflicts of Interest Regarding this special issue, the lead guest editor and the others guest editors do not have any possible conflicts of interest or private agreements with companies. JoseR.SanCrist´