Central Sierra Zero Emission Vehicle Readiness Plan Prepared for Tuolumne County Transportation Council Prepared by Center for Sustainable Energy FINAL SEPTEMBER 2019 TABLE OF CONTENTS Executive Summary.....………………………………………………………………………………...........6 Introduction …………………………………………….......................…………………………………......9 Regional Overview……………...…………...........………………………………………………............17 Zero Emission Vehicle Technology.........……………………………………………………….….........33 EVCS Technology.……............................................………………………………………......…........43 Existing Conditions………..........…………………………………………………………………….........63 Gaps Analysis…….....................…………………………………………………………………….........77 Recommendations………………...…………………………………………………………….........85 Implementation………………...………………………………………………………………........129 EVCS Planning Tools………….....………………………………………………………………….........143 Appendices…………………………..........…………………………………………………….........161 Appendix A: EV Charging Infrastructure Site Toolkits Appendix B: Fleet Adoption Appendix C: Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Alternative Guidebook Appendix D: Utility Coordination Gude Appendix E: Permitting Guide Appendix F: Outreach Plan LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1: Counties in the Central Sierra Region...................................................................................18 Figure 2: Aerial View of the Central Sierra Region................................................................................18 Figure 3: Spring/Summer Solar Potential and Transmission Lines.......................................................19 Figure 4: Fall/Winter Solar Potential and Transmission Lines...............................................................19 Figure 5: Population by Census Tract, 2010........................................................................................21 Figure 6: State Highways.....................................................................................................................22 Figure 7: Parks, Lakes, and Forests....................................................................................................23 Figure 8: Transit Routes.......................................................................................................................26 Figure 9: Cellular Coverage Map.........................................................................................................27 Figure 10: Elevation……................................................................................................................…..29 Figure 11: Amador Transit Route Elevation……............................................................................…..30 Figure 12: Calaveras Transit Route Elevation…….........................................................................…..30 Figure 13: Tuolumne Transit Route Elevation……..........................................................................…..31 Figure 14: YARTS Sonora Route Elevation …….............................................................................…..31 Figure 15: Key Differences Between Level 1, Level 2, and DC Fast Chargers...................................44 Figure 16: ADA Accessible Space Site Plan and Surface Markings………........................................49 Figure 17: Common Considerations for EVCS Planning and Siting…….................................….........50 Figure 18: Freewire Mobi………...........................................................................................................53 Figure 19: Envision Solar EV-Arc……..................................….............................................................57 Figure 20: Rotational Charging……..................................…...............................................................58 Figure 21: Conventional Load Balancing System……….....................................................................59 Figure 22: A Dynamic or Adaptive Load Balancing System…….........................................................60 Figure 23: CVRP Rebates per Month for the Region……....................................................................65 Figure 24: Existing Charging Infrastructure....................................................................…...................68 Figure 25: Does your business serve locals?…….........................................................................…....74 Figure 26: How long do your customers typically spend at your business? ..........................................74 Figure 27: How often are all charging stations on your property in use?..................................................75 Figure 28: Existing and Projected PEVs by County, 2018 & 2025……........................................…....79 Figure 29: Projected Visitors to the Region through 2040…......................................…......................82 Figure 30: Tourism & Recreation………...............................................................................................86 Figure 31: Schools……....................................................................…................................................87 Figure 32: Airports……....................................................................….................................................87 Figure 33: Lakes and Lake Parking.....................................................................................................88 Figure 34: Amador City District, Amador……......................................................................................90 Figure 35: Angels Camp District, Calaveras........................................................................................91 Figure 36: Big Oak Flat District, Tuolumne...........................................................................................92 Figure 37: Columbia District, Tuolumne……........................................................................................93 Figure 38: East Sonora District, Tuolumne……....................................................................................94 Figure 39: Groveland District, Tuolumne………...................................................................................95 Figure 40: Ione District, Amador……..............................................................................................…..96 Figure 41: Jackson District, Amador…….............................................................................................97 Figure 42: Jamestown District, Tuolumne………..................................................................................98 Figure 43: Markleeville District, Alpine………......................................................................................99 Figure 44: Mi-Wuk Village District, Tuolumne………..........................................................................100 Figure 45: Moccasin District, Tuolumne………...................................................................................100 Figure 46: Murphys District, Calaveras………....................................................................................101 LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF FIGURES cont. Figure 47: Pinecrest/Strawberry District, Tuolumne...............................................................………..102 Figure 48: Plymouth District, Amador.....................................................................................………..103 Figure 49: San Andreas District, Calaveras...........................................................................………..104 Figure 50: Sonora District, Tuolumne......................................................................................………..105 Figure 51: Sutter Creek District, Amador............................................................................................106 Figure 52: Tuolumne District, Tuolumne.............................................................................................107 Figure 53: Twain Harte District, Tuolumne..........................................................................................108 Figure 54: Valley Springs District, Calaveras.....................................................................................109 Figure 55: Destinations for EVCS……................................................................................................111 Figure 56: State Highway Network………...........................................................................................113 Figure 57: DCFC Siting Every 20 Miles……..................................................................................….115 Figure 58: PG&E Time of Use…….....................................................................................................147 Figure 59: Utility Coordination Process………...................................................................................148 4 Central Sierra Region LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Regional Transportation Planning Goals Supporting EV Infrastructure.……..……..…..….....14 Table 2: Cities and Communities in the Region by County………..……..……..……..……..........…….20 Table 3: Population Estimates by County as of January 1, 2017………..……..…….........……..……..21 Table 4: 2017 Yosemite National Park Recreation Visitors per Month…..…..……...............................24 Table 5: Central Sierra State Park Visitor for FY 2015-16…..……..……..……..……..............……....…24 Table 6: Central Sierra Region 2017 Annual Agency Profile...……..……..……..……..……..….…......25 Table 7: Typical Hardware, Software and Networking Capability Requirements…..……....….…........47 Table 8: ADA-Accessible