Attachment 1 Final Environmental Assessment Alta East Wind Project Eagle Conservation Plan U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Final Environmental Assessment Alta East Wind Project Eagle Conservation Plan California Docket Number FWS-R8-MB-2015-N183 FF08M00000-FXMB12310800000-145 Prepared by: U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service Pacific Southwest Region Migratory Birds and Habitats 2800 Cottage Way, W-2650 Sacramento, CA 95825 Contact: Heather Beeler, Eagle Permit Coordinator 916-414-6651 September 2016 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT Contents Section Page Acronyms and Abbreviations .................................................................................................................. vii 1 Purpose and Need ..................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.2 Background ............................................................................................................................ 1-1 1.3 Purpose and Need for Action ................................................................................................. 1-6 1.4 Regulatory Setting, Authorities, and Guidance ..................................................................... 1-6 1.4.1 Bald and Golden Eagle Protection Act ...................................................................... 1-6 1.4.2 Migratory Bird Treaty Act ......................................................................................... 1-7 1.4.3 Executive Order 13186, Responsibilities of Federal Agencies to Protect Migratory Birds ......................................................................................................... 1-7 1.4.4 National Environmental Policy Act ........................................................................... 1-7 1.4.5 Coordination with Tribal Governments .................................................................... 1-8 1.5 Scope of Analysis ................................................................................................................... 1-8 1.5.1 Geographic Extent .................................................................................................... 1-8 1.5.2 Permit Issuance Criteria .......................................................................................... 1-11 1.6 Previous Environmental Analysis ......................................................................................... 1-11 1.7 Scoping and Public Participation.......................................................................................... 1-11 1.7.1 Internal Scoping ...................................................................................................... 1-11 1.7.2 Public Participation ................................................................................................. 1-12 1.8 Tribal Trust Coordination ..................................................................................................... 1-12 1.8.1 Service Tribal Coordination ..................................................................................... 1-12 1.8.2 BLM Tribal Coordination ......................................................................................... 1-12 1.9 Service ESA Consultation ..................................................................................................... 1-13 2 Alternatives .............................................................................................................................. 2-1 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Alternatives Analyzed in this FEA........................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.1 Alternative 1: No Action – Operation of the Project Without an Eagle Take Permit ............................................................................................................... 2-1 2.2.2 Alternative 2: Issue Permit for Applicant’s ECP ........................................................ 2-1 2.2.3 Alternative 3: Issue Permit for Applicant’s ECP with Additional Monitoring and Mitigation.................................................................................................................. 2-3 2.2.4 Alternative 4: Issue Permit for ECP with Curtailment of Four Ridgeline Turbines when Eagles Are Observed ........................................................................ 2-3 2.2.5 Alternative 5: Issue Permit for ECP with Radar Deployment, Curtailment when Eagles Are Detected ........................................................................................ 2-3 2.3 Key Elements of Alternatives ................................................................................................. 2-4 2.3.1 Project Macro-siting ................................................................................................. 2-4 2.3.2 Micro-siting of Project Features ............................................................................... 2-4 2.3.3 Minimizing Impacts ................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.4 Predicted Take .......................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3.5 Compensatory Mitigation ......................................................................................... 2-6 2.3.6 Post-Construction Monitoring .................................................................................. 2-9 2.3.7 Adaptive Management ........................................................................................... 2-10 2.4 Summary of Alternatives ..................................................................................................... 2-10 2.5 Alternatives Considered but Eliminated from Detailed Study ............................................. 2-10 FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT III CONTENTS ALTA EAST WIND PROJECT 3 Affected Environment ............................................................................................................... 3-1 3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2 Setting Discussions ................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.2.1 Physical Environment ................................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.2 Climate Change ......................................................................................................... 3-2 3.3 Biological Environment ........................................................................................................... 3-4 3.3.1 Bald Eagle .................................................................................................................. 3-4 3.3.2 Golden Eagle .............................................................................................................. 3-4 3.3.3 Eagle Mortality Associated with Human Activity ...................................................... 3-6 4 Environmental Consequences ................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 4-1 4.2 Impacts Analysis for Take of Golden Eagles ........................................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Approach and Methods ............................................................................................. 4-1 4.3 Effects Common to Alternatives............................................................................................. 4-1 4.3.1 Direct and Indirect Effects ......................................................................................... 4-1 4.3.2 Mortality and Demographics ..................................................................................... 4-1 4.3.3 Local Effects ............................................................................................................... 4-2 4.3.4 Cultural Effects .......................................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.5 Other Priority Uses .................................................................................................... 4-3 4.3.6 Cumulative Effects ..................................................................................................... 4-3 4.4 Assessment of Alternatives .................................................................................................... 4-8 4.4.1 Alternative 1: No Action – Operation of the Project Without an Eagle Take Permit ............................................................................................................... 4-8 4.4.2 Alternative 2: Issue Permit for Applicant’s ECP ....................................................... 4-11 4.4.3 Alternative 3: Issue Permit Based on Applicant’s ECP with Additional Monitoring and Mitigation ...................................................................................... 4-11 4.4.4 Alternative 4: Issue Permit Based on ECP with Curtailment of Four Ridgeline Turbines when Eagles are Observed