Towards Passenger Intermodality in the EU Report 2 (final version) Analysis of the National Inventories on Passenger Intermodality for the EUROPEAN COMMISSION DG ENERGY AND TRANSPORT Unit G 3 Motorways of the Sea and Intermodality Dortmund, October 2004 Towards Passenger Intermodality in the EU Report 2 – National Inventories Project Team Institut für Landes- und Stadtentwicklungsforschung und Bauwesen des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen (ILS NRW) Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, Building and Construction of the Federal State of North Rhine-Westphalia Deutsche Straße 5 D-44339 Dortmund Germany Tel.: + 49 2 31 / 90 51-268 Fax: + 49 2 31 / 90 51-280 E-Mail: [email protected] URL: www.ils.nrw.de Guido Müller (Co-ordinator) Sebastian Bührmann Babtie spol. Prague, Czech Republic URL: www.babtie.cz Paul Riley Hywel Wyn Rowlands Langzaam Verkeer Leuven, Belgium URL: www.langzaamverkeer.be Tim Asperges Veerle Beyst Geert Claessens Liesbeth Reekmans Ilse Vleugels ETT Madrid, Spain URL: www.ett.es Pedro Puig-Pey Alicia Garcia de Miguel Paul Holloway Towards Passenger Intermodality in the EU Report 2 – National Inventories Table of Contents Executive Summary..............................................................................................4 1. Introduction ......................................................................................................1 1.1 AIM ...........................................................................................................1 1.2 METHODOLOGY ...........................................................................................2 1.3 THE REST OF THE REPORT ...........................................................................3 2. The Status of Intermodal Passenger Transport .............................................5 Context..................................................................................................................5 2.1 THE MARKET ...............................................................................................5 2.2 ASSESSMENT DATA ON PASSENGER INTERMODALITY....................................10 2.3 POLICY AND POLITICS ................................................................................12 2.4 LEGAL AND REGULATORY FRAMEWORK ......................................................19 Products and services .......................................................................................26 2.5 NETWORKS AND INTERCHANGES ................................................................26 2.5.1 Integrated networks, interoperability...............................................26 2.5.2 Design, layout of Interchanges.......................................................34 2.5.3 Integration of transport services and timetables .............................38 2.6 INFORMATION ............................................................................................43 2.7 TICKETING/FARES, BOOKING/PAYMENT........................................................55 2.8 BAGGAGE HANDLING .................................................................................67 2.9 INTEGRATED SERVICES/PRODUCTS .............................................................73 Planning and Implementation............................................................................80 2.10 PLANNING ...............................................................................................80 2.11 CO-ORDINATION AND CO-OPERATION ........................................................83 2.12 PROMOTION ............................................................................................93 2.13 RESOURCES............................................................................................95 2.14 TECHNICAL ISSUES ................................................................................101 3. Conclusions..................................................................................................108 3.1 WITH RESPECT TO THE CONTEXT RELATED ISSUES ....................................108 3.2 REGARDING INTERMODALITY PRODUCTS AND SERVICES.............................110 3.3 REGARDING PLANNING AND IMPLEMENTATION............................................114 4. Recommendations .......................................................................................117 Towards Passenger Intermodality in the EU Report 2 – National Inventories Executive Summary Context of the study The study "Towards Passenger Intermodality in the EU" (02/04-01/05) has been commissioned by DG TREN to support the development of its policy on intermodal passenger transport. The first phase of the study was a comprehensive literature review with a focus on European research (ILS/Babtie/LV/ETT 2004). The here pre- sented report is the output of the second phase of the study and gives an analysis of the existing policies, frameworks and practises in 28 European countries and Japan in order to identify promising models for action and recommendation at a European level. The aim of this inventory phase was to enrich the first analysis phase of the project and its sources with information and analysis on the national level. Both analyses give input to the third phase of this study which will formulate recommendations on passenger intermodality for long distances and cross-border transport (both including the “last urban mile”). Methodology In order to organise and administer the national inventories in the 29 countries in a common and structured way, the consortium agreed upon a national inventory along three products or outputs: for each country a country report, an assessment file and summaries of selected national material were produced. The country report is written by each country’s national expert, structured along three domains with 14 categories of issues: C context: (1) the market, (2) assessment and evaluation, (3) policy and politics, (4) legal and regulatory framework; C products and services: (5) networks and interchanges,(6) information, (7) tick- eting, fares, booking and payment, (8) baggage handling, (9) highly integrated products/services; C planning and implementation: (10) planning, (11) co-ordination and co-opera- tion, (12) promotion, (13) resources and (14) technical issues. As a way of guiding the writing of the country report, each category was introduced by a short text explaining the main contents and scope of the category and de- scribing shortly the key issues related to it. Next to this, also a list of questions was formulated in order to focus the national expert on the information requested: asking for a description of the status of intermodal passenger transport, of good examples as well as bad practice, factors of success, barriers and recommendations. A second element of the national inventories are the assessment files. These files consist of a limited number of open questions as well as a small pre-structured questionnaire asking the experts for an overall assessment of the status of passen- ger intermodality in the country analysed. The third and final element of the national inventories are the summaries of the most interesting national sources that were used to produce the inventories. The result is an extension of the list of European references already compiled in the first Towards Passenger Intermodality in the EU Report 2 – National Inventories analysis phase with more than 70 national references. These new references are gathered in a separate annex to this report. The national inventories were carried out by the consortium partners and a network of 13 subcontractors. The subcontractors are considered as experts with respect to passenger intermodality within their country. The result is that more than 100 inter- views have been conducted with national key persons and more than 400 biblio- graphic references have been used to realise these country reports in the 29 coun- tries. General conclusions In most countries, intermodality hasn’t been a focus until recently and some coun- tries are still in the phase of an unimodal focus on improving infrastructure. The in- ventory revealed that knowledge on the market for intermodality for long distance travel is rather poor. At the national level, little attention is given so far to the study of this market and its potential. Nor is much information available on the possible impacts of intermodality products and services through cost-benefit analyses or im- pact assessment studies. Nevertheless, intermodality is becoming a greater topic and consequently viewed with greater importance. The subject is generally men- tioned in policy documents but implementation continues to be lacking in many ar- eas. The first step in improving passenger intermodality is to raise the political awareness towards the importance of intermodality. In some European countries this condition is already fulfilled, but in the new members states of the European Union e.g. the political will is often not very strong. For them, their first concern is the construction of good basic infrastructure. Co-operation is essential for the optimal development of long distance passenger transport, especially as many stakeholders are involved. In the countries looked at, there is generally no specific national or regional intermodal strategy. Similarly, at this moment no central independent institution or structure is responsible for the co- ordination role in long-distance intermodality - which is a barrier to the development of a platform for data exchange between stakeholders, an integrated