Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation Irrigation Drainage Studies of the Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project, Western South Dakota: Results of 1994 Sampling and Comparisons with 1988 Data Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4103 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Irrigation Drainage Studies of the Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project, Western South Dakota: Results of 1994 Sampling and Comparisons with 1988 Data By Steven K. Sando and Joyce E. Williamson, U.S. Geological Survey; Kimberly K. Dickerson, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; and Edwin A. Wesolowski, U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4103 Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Bureau of Reclamation U.S. Department of the Interior GALE A. NORTON, Secretary U.S. Geological Survey CHARLES G. GROAT, Director The use of firm, trade, and brand names in this report is for identification purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. Rapid City, South Dakota: 2001 For additional information write to: District Chief U.S. Geological Survey 1608 Mt. View Road Rapid City, SD 57702 Copies of this report can be purchased from: U.S. Geological Survey Information Services Building 810 Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225-0286 CONTENTS Abstract.................................................................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Description of the Study Areas.............................................................................................................................................. 3 Sampling Sites and Methods ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Streamflow Conditions .......................................................................................................................................................... 11 Comparison of Results........................................................................................................................................................... 13 Angostura Reclamation Unit ....................................................................................................................................... 13 Water Quality..................................................................................................................................................... 13 Sediment ............................................................................................................................................................ 22 Fish .................................................................................................................................................................... 28 Synopsis of Results for the Angostura Reclamation Unit ................................................................................. 29 Belle Fourche Reclamation Project ............................................................................................................................. 30 Water Quality..................................................................................................................................................... 30 Sediment ............................................................................................................................................................ 40 Fish .................................................................................................................................................................... 45 Synopsis of Results for the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project ....................................................................... 47 Summary and Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................... 48 References ............................................................................................................................................................................. 49 Supplemental Information ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 FIGURES 1-4. Maps showing location of: 1. The Angostura Reclamation Unit study area ..................................................................................................... 4 2. The Belle Fourche Reclamation Project study area........................................................................................... 6 3. Selected sampling sites in the Angostura Reclamation Unit study area............................................................ 7 4. Selected sampling sites in the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project study area.................................................. 9 5. Graphs showing comparison of daily discharge in 1988 and 1994 with long-term median daily discharge for selected sites on the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers ..............................................12 6. Stiff diagrams showing average dissolved-solids concentrations and proportions of major ions in water samples collected from sites in or near the Angostura Reclamation Unit in 1988 and 1994 ................................................................................................................................................ 15 7. Graphs showing concentrations of selected trace elements in water samples collected from sites in or near the Angostura Reclamation Unit in 1988 and 1994 .................................................................. 17 8. Graphs showing relations between concentrations of selected constituents and discharge for water samples collected from site A-14 in 1988 and 1994 ................................................................................... 20 9. Graphs showing concentrations of selected trace elements in bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in or near the Angostura Reclamation Unit in 1988 and 1994................................................... 24 10. Stiff diagrams showing average dissolved-solids concentrations and proportions of major ions in water samples collected from sites in or near the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project in 1988 and 1994....................................................................................................................... 33 11. Graphs showing concentrations of selected trace elements in water samples collected from sites in or near the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project in 1988 and 1994 ........................................................ 34 12. Graphs showing relation between concentrations of selected trace elements and discharge for water samples collected from sites B-1, B-12, and B-18 in 1988 and 1994......................................................... 38 13. Graphs showing concentrations of selected trace elements in bottom-sediment samples collected from sites in or near the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project in 1988 and 1994......................................... 42 Contents III TABLES 1. Site information and media samples for selected sampling sites in or near the Angostura Reclamation Unit and the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project ................................................................................................... 5 2. Selected constituents and properties analyzed for in water, bottom-sediment, and fish-tissue samples for the Angostura Reclamation Unit and Belle Fourche Reclamation Project in 1994.......................................... 8 3. Comparison of annual discharge for 1988 and 1994 with long-term median annual discharge for selected sites on the Cheyenne and Belle Fourche Rivers...................................................................................... 11 4. Comparison of major-ion and selected trace-element concentrations in surface water for the Angostura Reclamation Unit with selected index values, guidelines, and criteria.................................................14 5. Comparison of selected trace-element concentrations in bottom sediment1 for the Angostura Reclamation Unit with selected bulk-sediment index values for soil and bottom sediment .................................. 23 6. Comparison of fish-tissue concentrations for the Angostura Reclamation Unit with the National Irrigation Water Quality Program level of concern ................................................................................................ 28 7. Comparison of major-ion and selected trace-element concentrations in surface water for the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project with selected index values, guidelines, and criteria ................................................31 8. Comparison of selected trace-element concentrations in bottom sediment1 for the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project with selected index values for soil and bottom sediment...................................................... 41 9. Comparison of fish-tissue concentrations for the Belle Fourche Reclamation Project with the National Irrigation Water Quality Program