Legal Support to Operations HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. This publication is available on the General Dennis J. Reimer Training And Doctrine Digital Library at www.adtdI.army.mil *FM 27-100 1 March 2000 Legal Support to Operations HEADQUARTERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY DISTRIBUTION RESTRICTION: Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. *This publication supersedes FM 27-100,3 September 1991. Table of Contents PREFACE............................................................................................v . INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................vii Chapter 1 Role of the Judge Advocate ........................................................................... 1.1 1.1 THE JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL'S CORPS MISSION ..........................1. 1 1.2 PERFORMING TRADITIONAL ROLES ......................................................... 1.1 1.2.1 Mission....................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.2' Service......................................................................................................... 1-2 1.2.3 Legitimacy................................................................................................. 1-2 1.2.4 The Military General Practitioner ............................................................... 1-3 1.2.5 The "Judge" Function .............................................................................. 1-4 1.2.6 The "Advocate" Function ........................................................................ 1-5 1.2.7 The "Ethical Adviser" Function .................................................................. 1-5 1.2.8 The "Counselor" Function .......................................................................... 1-5 1.3 IN A CHALLENGING NEW ENVIRONMENT ............................................. 1-6 1.3.1 More Missions ........................................................................................... 1-6 1.3.2 Command and Control Relationships ....................................................... 1-7 1.3.3 International Operations ........................................................................... 1-7 1.3.4 Fluid Operations ......................................................................................... 1-7 1.3.5 Technological Advancements ..................................................................... 1-8 1.4 CHALLENGES FOR JUDGE ADVOCATES IN THE 21ST CENTURY .......1-8 1.4.1 Mission......................................................................... .........................1-8 1.4.2 Service........................................................................................................ 1-9 1.4.3 Legitimacy........................................................................... i............1-10 1.5 SUMMARY.................................................................................................... 1-10 Chapter 2 Organization to Support Army Operations .................................................... 2-1 2.1 JUDGE ADVOCATE ORGANIZATIONS ......................................................-2-1 2.1.1 Office of The Judge Advocate General ......................................................-2-1 2.1.2 Field Operating Agencies .......................................................................... -2-3 2.1.3 The U.S. Army Legal Services Agency ..................................................... -2-3 2.1.4 The Judge Advocate General' s School, U.S .Army ................................... -2-5 2.1.5 Army National Guard Legal Organizations ................................................ 2-6 2.1.6 U.S. Army Reserve Legal Organizations .................................................... 2-7 2.1.7 Staff Judge Advocate Offices ................................................................... 2-10 2.1 .8 Command Judge Advocates .................................................................... -2-14 2.2 JOINT LEGAL ORGANIZATIONS .............................................................. -2-14 2.2.1 The Office of the Legal Counsel to the Chairman, Joint Chiefs of Staff ..2.15 2.2.2 Unified, Specified, and Subordinate Unified Command Staff Judge Advocates .............................................................................................................. 2-15 2.2.3 Joint Task Force Staff Judge Advocate .................................................... -2-15 2.3 MULTINATIONAL FORCE LEGAL ORGANIZATIONS ............................ 2. 15 2.4 PROVIDING .ARMYLEGAL SUPPORT FOR OPERATIONS ..................... 2. 16 2.4.1 Overview of Operational Law Support..................................................... 2-16 2.4.2 Tailoring Operational Law Support.......................................................... 2-19 5.3.1 Command & Control. Sustainrnent. Personnel Service Support .................5-4 5.3.2 Command and Control (C2)...................................................................... -5-4 5.3.3 Sustainrnent................................................................................................5-5 5.3.4 Personnel Service Support ......................................................................... -5-6 5.4 THE CORE LEGAL DISCIPLINES IN WAR ..................................................5-7 ,5.4.1 Administrative Law ...................................................................................-5-8 . 5.4.2 Claims ....................................................................................*...*..*.....*...5-8... 5.4.3 Civil Law ....................................................................................................5-8 5.4.4 Military Justice ........................................................................................... 5-8 5.4.5 International Law ........................................................................................ 5-8 5.4.6 Legal Assistance .........................................................................................5-9 5.5 ORGANEATION FOR WAR .........................................................................-5-9 5.5.1 Theater Legal Structure ..............................................................................5-9 5.5.2 Army Service Component Command .........................................................5-9 5.5.3 Command Posts ........................................................................................5-10 5.5.4 Judge Advocate Disposition ................................................................5-11 5.5.5 Brigade Command and Control Facilities ................................................5-22 5-6 MATERIEL IN WAR ....................................................................................-5-24 5.7 TRAINING FOR WAR ................................................................................... 5-25 Chapter 6 Legal Support to Military Operations Other Than War .................................6-1 6.1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ -6-2 6.2 STRATEGIC CONCEPT ................................................................................. -6-3 6.3 THEATER CONCEPT .................................................................................... -6-3 6.3.1 Political Objectives .....................................................................................6-4 6.3.2 Legal Complexity ......................................................................................-6-4 6.3.3 Mission Complexity .................................................................................. -6-4 6.3.4 Command and Control ..............................................................................-6-4 6.3.5 Interagency Coordination ..........................................................................-6-5 6.4 THE ARMY'S ROLE IN MOOTW .................................................................. 6-5 6.4.1 Arms Control............................................. :................................................6-6 6.4.2 Combating Terrorism ................................................................................-6-6 6.4.3 Counter-Drug Operations .......................................................................... -6-6 6.4.4 Enforcement of Sanctions and Exclusion Zones ......................................... 6-6 6.4.5 Humanitarian Assistance ........................................................................... -6-7 6.4.6 Nation Assistance ....................................................................................... 6-7 6.4.7 Noncombatant Evacuation Operations ....................................................... 6-7 6.4.8 Peace Operations ........................................................................................ 6.7 6.4.9 Recovery Operations ...................................................................................6-8 6.4.10 Show of Force Operations .......................................................................... 6-8 6.4.1 1 Strikes and Raids ........................................................................................ 6-8 6.4.12 Support to Insurgencies .............................................................................. 6-9 6.4.13 Operations Under Armistice Conditions..................................................... 6-9 6.5 ORGANEATION OF MGAL SUPPORT ......................................................