Afghanistan WASH Cluster CAHPO Needs Assessment Summary Report Assessment Title: WASH Needs Assessment in Communities and Institution (Schools) Start Date of Assessment: 2 January 2021 End Date of Assessment: 8 January 2021 Organization Name: CAHPO Other Organizations Involved in Assessment: CAHPO, SHPOUL, ZOA and SUO in consultation with line department Assessment Location: The assessment conducted in the mentioned villages. Province: District: Village: Kunar Bar Kunar (REACCH data 100% water Zarbat, Laghmano Kalai, insecure and WASH is one of the 3 priority) Shangar, Jaji Malayano Kalai, Zor Asmar (Siwor) Chapa Dara (REACCH data 100% water Senzo, Qalachai, Qala, Bastala insecure and WASH is one of the 3 priority) and Gusalak Sar e Pul Sar e Pul Center (CAHPO data over 50% use Arab khana, Charbagh, Khair unsafe water) Abad, Latay, Mirza bai, Nadir Abad, Naw Abad, Qezel qum, Rahim Abad, Sangtoda, Sarcheshma, Tughani Sozma Qala (REACCH data 59% water Faiz Abad, Hazara Qeshlaq, Quzi insecure and WASH is one of the 3 priority) Khwal, Kamp muhajreen, Sozmaqala Uzbekya Nuristan Parun (CAHPO data over 50% use unsafe Dewa, Madina, Mandi, Paskhi, water) Sasom Wama (CAHPO data over 50% use unsafe Asar Abad, Atilik, Isalam Abad, water) Saripul, Wama e Qadeem Affected and Targeted Population Summary :( Affected population represents entire areas of assessment while targeted are for immediate response) Type and Number of Affected Population (as identified in HNO/HRP): Type of People No of People No of Families Conflict IDPs 26243 3749 Undocumented Returnees from 1008 144 Iran Undocumented Returnees from 1645 235 Pakistan Documented Returnees from Iran Documented Returnees from 1148 164 Pakistan Refugees People Without Access to Basic 28793 4113 Services and Host Communities 1 Afghanistan WASH Cluster Total 58837 8405 The above table represent people in the assessed villages, there are many other villages with similar vulnerable population. Also an estimated 70% of the host population included are in need. Type and Number of Targeted Population (as identified in HNO/HRP): 60% from the assessed need to be targeted and assist Type of People No of People No of Families Conflict IDPs 15743 266 Undocumented Returnees from 609 87 Iran Undocumented Returnees from 987 141 Pakistan Documented Returnees from Iran Documented Returnees from 686 98 Pakistan Refugees People Without Access to Basic 17276 2468 Services and Host Communities Total 35301 5043 Targeted population by key activities: Activities: No of People in No of People in No of People in need No of People need of Water need of Sanitation of Hygiene Supplies in need of Supply (Kits and Hygiene Replenishments) Promotion No of People: 35301 35301 35301 35301 This assessment conducted in some of the big villages in the targeted districts. There are many IDPs of the last years mainly from conflict and other vulnerabilities, which people forced to leave their home. The project intervention will extend to other villages as well which in the start of the intervention, it is necessary to collect information of the other villages as well. Situation of the areas (conflict /natural disaster): According to the WASH Cluster priority locations, Sar e Pul, Kunar and Nuristan are either Cat. 4 or higher This report describe and looks into observation and conclusions of a WASH need assessment conducted by CAHPO staff members in three provinces which have planned to be the main program areas of CAHPO this year. The villages and districts of the provinces as mention above in the table selected based on the WASH Cluster priority areas for 2021. The assessment was conducted to observe the living condition of IDPs and their priority needs related to WASH in displaced area. As well as in host communities where the IDPs are settled. Returnees were observed which found less number in the mentioned areas. The assessment gathered and assessed the quantitative and qualitative data from 204 sampled HHs across the 37 villages in 6 districts in three mentioned provinces in January 2021. 2 Afghanistan WASH Cluster Conflict and lack of basic services are the main issues. There are conflict in the targeted provinces. Afghanistan is now the scene of the deadliest region on earth. Fighting continues to rage, exposing civilians, particularly women and children, to daily deadly risks, prompting mass displacement and choking the country’s unstable economy. Years of shocks have left an acutely vulnerable population with few economic resources, an eroded capacity to cope with the unfolding crisis and little hope of recovery if the current conditions persist. As a result of the new scope of analysis and the cumulative impact of conflict and disaster in HNO and HRP 2021, almost over half of the country’s population (18.4 million people out of a population of almost 40,4 million) is now estimated to be in need of humanitarian assistance in 2021. The majority of those in need are children (52 per cent). 1 The ongoing conflict is affecting every province in the country with shock-affected households 3-4 facing multiple humanitarian needs simultaneously, undermining their capacity to cope and recover. In the REACH Assessment, ooverlapping sectoral needs were highest among shock-affected households in Kunar in the east and Sar e Pul in the north. Nuristan is shock affecting mentioned in the WASH Cluster Strategy. Three of the provinces have been heavily affected by conflict and displacement, overloading existing basic services and stretching the capacity of aid agencies for a comprehensive response. KAHPO conducted this assessment, which its focus was the areas where the IDPs were settled and they expanded the host villages or they integrated in host community in Sar e Pul, Kunar and Nuristan province. Considering the geographical situation, mostly these village include new settlements where the IDPs are settled and the HHs are in need WASH services. The existing host HHs also affected by two ways (resources reduced and resources shared by the other new comers). However, some other organizations provided water facilities in some of these locations, which the existed number water points cannot provide enough drinking water for the communities, which as IDPs settlement increased their needs in these areas. According to the organization assessment which also showed in the REACH assessment report, there are IDP population in mentioned three provinces due to conflict in their origin places. Education sector also affected by the conflicts and COVID-19, which most of the children could not go to school. According to our meeting and assessment in the education department, many children especially girls were not attending school because of lack of WASH facilities in the schools. The information collected from 27 schools in all the three provinces where 11816 children are studying, which 1758 are from the IDP and returnee families. Girls do not proper and separate sanitation infrastructures and culturally it is difficult for girls to go for OD and they have not permitted by their families to go to school. Due to increased number HHs with the IDPs in settlement locations and in the host communities where the IDPs are settled, the HHs are facing shortage of safe drinking water even lack of safe drinking in some new settlements. Therefore, people are using unsafe drinking water from dug wells, streams or from the river. As a result a lot of diarrhea cases happened especially among children, which become burden for the poor families to provide treatment. 1 https://www.humanitarianresponse.info/en/operations/afghanistan/document/afghanistan-humanitarian- response-plan-2018-2021-2021-revision 3 Afghanistan WASH Cluster Needs/gaps (briefly describe needs and gaps of the targeted population): 4 Afghanistan WASH Cluster Safe Drinking Water Availability and Access of the population The WASH assessment data concluded and results of the analysis showed that on average, 20 % of the HHs have access to safe water for domestic use. On province level, 28% of the HHs in Sar e Pul province have access to safe water source, 13% HHs in Kunar province have access to safer water sources and 9% of the HHs in Nuristan province have access to safe water sources. Main sources of the safe water include protected hand pump, public tap and protected spring. The highest percentage of the population depending on unsafe water which forms 82% of the population. The main source of water for these population are unprotected dug well and surface water (e.g. river, stream and pond water). Table 1: Access to safe water for domestic use Safe Unsafe Provinces Total HHs access to safe water exist water water Sar e Pul Sar e Pul 23 62 85 28% Kunar 11 42 53 Average 50% Kunar Nuristan 7 59 66 13% Nuristan 9% Average 41 163 204 Sar e Pul Kunar Nuristan Average Figure 2, illustrates the detail of drinking water sources in the assessed villages of the provinces. According to the graph provinces are different and average 35% of the population get water from unprotected dug wells. Especially in Nuristan and Kunar province, majority of the HHs take water from unprotected dug wells. Similarly, 49% of the HHs use surface water from river, stream or ponds. Majority of HHs in Sar e Pul use unprotected source of water for their domestic use is 76%. Furthermore 14% of the HHs get water from hand pump and protected springs for their domestic use. On one hand majority of the population don’t have access to safe water, on the other hand 73% of the HHs complaint that the water sources do not provide sufficient and stable water due to different reasons. Such as rivers and streams do not have regular water flow, dug wells dry due to less depth and hand pumps are less compare to existed population. Source of Drinking Water 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Protected source Surface water Hand pump Unprotected dug Total well Sar e Pul Kunar Nuristan Average 5 Afghanistan WASH Cluster 55% of people reported that they have issues with the water they obtain from wells, river and ponds in terms of color and taste.