Optics Software for Layout and Optimization Optics Reference Lambda Research Corporation 25 Porter Road Littleton, MA 01460 USA [email protected] www.lambdares.com 2 COPYRIGHT COPYRIGHT The OSLO software and Optics Reference are Copyright © 2011 by Lambda Research Corporation. All rights reserved. This software is provided with a single user license. It may only be used by one user and on one computer at a time. The OSLO Optics Reference contains proprietary information. This information as well as the rest of the Optics Reference may not be copied in whole or in part, or reproduced by any means, or transmitted in any form without the prior written consent of Lambda Research Corporation. TRADEMARKS Oslo ® is a registered trademark of Lambda Research Corporation. TracePro ® is a registered trademark of Lambda Research Corporation. Pentium ® is a registered trademark of Intel, Inc. UltraEdit is a trademark of IDM Computer Solutions, Inc. Windows ® 95, Windows ® 98, Windows NT ®, Windows ® 2000, Windows XP, Windows Vista, Windows 7 and Microsoft ® are either registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other countries Table of Contents 3 Table of Contents COPYRIGHT................................................................................................................................2 Table of Contents..........................................................................................................................3 Chapter 1 Quick Start ................................................................................................................8 Main window ................................................................................................................................9 Title bar.....................................................................................................................................9 Menu bar...................................................................................................................................9 Main tool bar...........................................................................................................................10 Graphics windows.......................................................................................................................11 Graphics window tool bar.......................................................................................................13 Text windows..............................................................................................................................14 Text Window tool bar .............................................................................................................15 Spreadsheet windows..................................................................................................................16 Spreadsheet command area.....................................................................................................16 Surface data.............................................................................................................................18 CCL database spreadsheet ......................................................................................................25 Catalog lens database..................................................................................................................26 Pop-up windows .....................................................................................................................27 Dialog boxes ...........................................................................................................................27 Text editor...................................................................................................................................28 Help window...............................................................................................................................28 File system ..................................................................................................................................29 Data concepts..............................................................................................................................31 Surface data conventions ............................................................................................................32 Surface numbering..................................................................................................................32 Sign conventions.....................................................................................................................32 Surface types...........................................................................................................................33 Introductory Exercise - Landscape Lens.....................................................................................34 Lens entry ...............................................................................................................................34 Lens Drawing..........................................................................................................................36 Optimization ...........................................................................................................................37 Slider-wheel design.................................................................................................................41 Chapter 2 Fundamentals ..........................................................................................................46 Waves, Rays, and Beams ............................................................................................................46 Maxwell’s equations ...............................................................................................................46 Gaussian beam propagation ........................................................................................................49 Propagation Circles.................................................................................................................50 Algebraic Methods..................................................................................................................55 Polarization analysis ...................................................................................................................57 Polarization ellipse..................................................................................................................58 Fresnel equations ....................................................................................................................59 Jones calculus .........................................................................................................................61 Optical materials .........................................................................................................................63 Dispersion ...............................................................................................................................63 Thermal coefficients ...............................................................................................................65 Other glass data.......................................................................................................................65 Model glasses..........................................................................................................................66 Chapter 3 Paraxial Optics ........................................................................................................68 The paraxial approximation ........................................................................................................68 Cardinal points............................................................................................................................71 Paraxial ray tracing .....................................................................................................................74 Sign conventions.....................................................................................................................74 Paraxial ray trace equations ....................................................................................................75 YNU ray tracing ......................................................................................................................76 YUI ray tracing........................................................................................................................77 4 Table of Contents Matrix optics ...............................................................................................................................77 Lagrange’s law............................................................................................................................79 Paraxial constants........................................................................................................................80 Image equations ..........................................................................................................................81 Specification of conjugate distances ...........................................................................................82 Lens setup ...................................................................................................................................83 Chapter 4 Stops and Pupils ......................................................................................................85