Hkkjr ljdkj GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Tky lalk/ku ea=ky; MINISTRY OF WATER RESOURCES dsUnzh; ty vk;ksx CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION laxfBr Tky oSKkfudh; vk¡dM+k iqLrd ¼voxhZd`r unh dNkjsa½ INTEGRATED HYDROLOGICAL DATA BOOK (NON-CLASSIFIED RIVER BASINS) Tky oSKkuhdh; vkadM+++k funs’kky; HYDROLOGICAL DATA DIRECTORATE lwpuk iz.kkyh laxBu INFORMATION SYSTEM ORGANISATION ty vk;kstu ,oa ifj;kstuk Lda/k WATER PLANNING & PROJECTS WING dsUnzh; ty vk;ksx CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION flrEcj 2009 September 2009 ljdkjh iz;ksx ds fy, For Official Use laxfBr ty oSKkfudh; vk¡dM+k iqLrd ¼ voxhZd`r unh dNkjsa ½ INTEGRATED HYDROLOGICAL DATA BOOK (NON-CLASSIFIED RIVER BASINS) HYDROLOGICAL DATA DIRECTORATE INFORMATION SYSTEMS ORGANISATION WATER PLANNING & PROJECTS WING CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION NEW DELHI September 2009 List of Officers Associated with the Publication Sl. No. Name Designation 1. Sh. D.P. Mondal Advisor 2. Sh. S.K. Das Director 3. Sh. R.K. Gupta Deputy Director 4. Sh. O.P. Saini Assistant Director 5. Sh. Thakur Singh Private Secretary 6. Sh. A.B. Singh Senior Statistical Officer 7. Sh. Bhim Singh D.E.O. Gr.`B’ 8. Sh. Jagat Singh D.E.O. Gr.`B’ 9. Smt. Harinder Kaur D.E.O. Gr.`B’ 10. Sh. Gyan Chand SMO iii Abbreviations - : Anion + : Cation 0C : Degree Centigrade BCM : Billion Cubic Meter BOD : Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand cumec : Cubic Meter per Second CWC : Central Water Commission DO : Dissolved Oxygen G : Gauge Sites GD : Gauge & Discharge sites GDQ : Gauge, Discharge and Water Quality Sites GDS : Gauge, Discharge & Sediment sites GDSQ : Gauge, Discharge, Sediment and Water Quality Sites m : Meter m.e./litre : Milli equivalent per Litre max : Maximum MCM : Million Cubic Meter mg/l : Milligram per Litre mhos/cm : Micro mhos per Centimeter min : Minimum mm : Millimeters MPN : Most Probable Number N.A. : Not Applicable NF : No flow pH : Negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration ppm : Part per million Q : Water Discharge per Second RD : River Dry RSC : Residual Sodium Carbonate SAR : Sodium Absorption Ratio SNR : Sample Not received Sod % age : Sodium percentage Sq Km : Square Kilometers TDS : Total Dissolved Solids W YEAR : Water Year WQ : Water Quality iv Contents Topics Page no. Foreword Preface List of Officers Associated with the publication Abbreviations Chapter 1: Introduction 1 Chapter 2: Description of Different River Basins 3 Chapter 3: Water and Related Statistics 47 Chapter 4: Sedimentation Statistics 51 Chapter 5: Water Quality Statistics 55 Chapter 6: Land Use Statistics 57 List of tables on hydrology and land use in river basins Table 1 Storage capacity by river basin 65 Table 2 Salient features of different river basins 66 1. Mahanadi 66 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 68 3. Brahmani 70 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 72 5. Godavari 74 6. Krishna 76 7. Cauvery 78 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 80 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 88 10. Tapi 100 11. Narmada 100 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 102 Table 3 Number of hydrological observation sites by Non-classified river 110 basin Table 4 Important historical observations by sites and river basin 111 1. Mahanadi 111 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 112 3. Brahmani 113 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 114 5. Godavari 115 6. Krishna 118 7. Cauvery 120 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 122 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 124 v 10. Tapi 125 11. Narmada 126 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 128 Table 5 Flow of water by season, site and river basin 129 1. Mahanadi 129 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 132 3. Brahmani 133 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 134 5. Godavari 135 6. Krishna 140 7. Cauvery 145 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 147 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 150 10. Tapi 152 11. Narmada 153 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 156 Table 6 Maximum & minimum observed water levels and discharges by 157 site and river basin 1. Mahanadi 157 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 158 3. Brahmani 159 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 160 5. Godavari 161 6. Krishna 163 7. Cauvery 165 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 166 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 167 10. Tapi 168 11. Narmada 169 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 170 Table 7 Annual dependable flow of water by site and river basin 171 1. Mahanadi 171 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 172 3. Brahmani 173 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 174 5. Godavari 175 6. Krishna 178 7. Cauvery 180 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 181 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 182 vi 10. Tapi 183 11. Narmada 184 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 185 Table 8 Monthly average flow per unit drainage area by site and river 186 basin 1. Mahanadi 186 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 187 3. Brahmani 188 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 189 5. Godavari 190 6. Krishna 193 7. Cauvery 195 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 196 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 197 10. Tapi 198 11. Narmada 199 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 200 Table 9 Time series of Sediment load by site in river basin 201 1. Mahanadi 201 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 203 3. Brahmani 204 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 205 5. Godavari 206 6. Krishna 209 7. Cauvery 210 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 212 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 213 10. Tapi 215 11. Narmada 216 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 218 Table 10 Ten-daily and monthly average sediment load by site and river 219 basin 1. Mahanadi 219 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 222 3. Brahmani 223 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 224 5. Godavari 225 6. Krishna 228 7. Cauvery 229 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 232 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 233 vii 10. Tapi 236 11. Narmada 238 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 240 Table 11 Tolerance limits of selected water quality parameters for inland 243 surface water by its use 1. Mahanadi Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani, 243 Brahmani, Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 2. Godavari 244 3. Krishna Cauvery East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi 245 to Kanyakumari West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 4. Narmada 246 5. Tapi and Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 247 Table 12 Critical absolute values of water quality parameters crossing 249 tolerance limits by season 1. Tapi 249 2. Narmada 250 3. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 251 Table 13 Maximum and minimum values of water quality parameters by 252 site and river basin 1. Mahanadi 252 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 259 3. Brahmani 266 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 273 5. Godavari 280 6. Krishna 287 7. Cauvery 294 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 308 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 315 10. Tapi 322 11. Narmada 329 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 336 Table 14 Land utilisation pattern by river basin and State 343 1. Mahanadi 343 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 344 3. Brahmani 344 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 345 5. Godavari 345 6. Krishna 347 7. Cauvery 349 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 350 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 352 10. Tapi 354 viii 11. Narmada 354 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 356 Table 15 Gross area irrigated by sources by river basin and State 358 1. Mahanadi 358 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 359 3. Brahmani 359 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 360 5. Godavari 360 6. Krishna 362 7. Cauvery 365 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 366 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 368 10. Tapi 370 11. Narmada 370 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 372 Table 16 Net area irrigated by sources by river basin and State 374 1. Mahanadi 374 2. Subernarekha, Burhabalang & Baitarani 375 3. Brahmani 375 4. Rushikulya, Vamsadhara, Saroda & Nagavali 376 5. Godavari 376 6. Krishna 378 7. Cauvery 379 8. East Flowing Rivers between Mahanadi to Kanyakumari 380 9. West Flowing Rivers from Kanyakumari to Tapi 382 10. Tapi 384 11. Narmada 384 12. Mahi, Sabarmati & other West Flowing 385 Glossary of Terms 387 ix x Chapter 1 Introduction 1.0 The Annual precipitation including snowfall is the main source of water in India and is estimated to be of the order of 4000 cu km. The total water resource potential of the country, which occurs as natural run off in the rivers is estimated at 1869 cu km considering both surface and groundwater into account. Due to various constraints of topography, uneven distribution of resource over space and time, it has been estimated that only about 1123 cu km be put to beneficial use – out of which only 690 cu km is surface water. However, 370 cu km of estimated utilizable surface water comes from the non-classified river basins. 1.1 As per the distribution of water resources potential in the country, the national per capita annual availability of water is 1731 cu m (estimated as on 1st March 2004). The average availability in Brahmaputra and Barak basin is as high as 14057 cu m while it is as low as 308 cu m in Sabarmati basin in 2000. Brahmaputra and Barak basin with 7.6 % of geographical area and 5.2 % of population of all the basins in the country has 31 % of the annual water resources. Per capita annual availability for rest of the country excluding Brahmaputra and Barak basin works out to about 1345 cu m. An availability of less than 1000 cu m per capita is considered by international agencies as scarcity condition.