Technical Report North Slope Borough Subsistence Harvest Documentation Project: Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest Report (2007-2012) Barter Island, May 9, 1948 (Qiñiqtuagaksrat Utuqqanaat Iñuuniaġniaŋisiqun, 1980) Prepared By Qaiyaan Harcharek, Carla Sims Kayotuk, J. Craig George, and Mike Pederson Department of Wildlife Management North Slope Borough P.O. Box 69 Barrow, AK 99723 P a g e | i CONTENTS DEDECATION TO ANDREW AKOOTCHOOK....................................................................iv Rusty Heurlin’s Tribute…………………………………………………………………...v KISISAT “List of Tables”………………………………………………………………………vii QIÑIĠAAT “List of Photographs”……………………………………………………………....ix QUYANAAGUTIT “Acknowledgments”……………………………………………………….xi AULLAĠIISAAĠUN “Introduction”……………………………………………………………1 SIVUNIKSRAT “Objectives”……………………………………………………………………5 ANNIQSUUTILLU ATUĠNIŊIĻĻU SUNAKKIÑIAĠNIKUN KATIQSRAT “Benefits & Uses of Subsistence Harvest Data”………………………………………………………………..5 SAVAAKUN “Methods”…………………………………………………………………………6 Survey Methods…………………………………………………………………………...6 Statistical Methods………………………………………………………………………...7 Conversion Factors………………………………………………………………………..8 Iñupiaq Language………………………………………………………………………….9 Problems with Identification of Species…………………………………………………..9 NALUNAIQSAT “Results”…………...………………………………………….……………..12 TAĠIUĠMIUTAT “Marine Mammals”………………………………………...……...12 NUNAMIUTAT “Terrestrial Mammals”…...…………………………………………..13 IQALUIT “Fish Resources”…………………………………..………………………...15 QAUGIAT “Bird Resources”……...……………………………………………………16 NAURIAT “Plant Resource” …………………………………………………………...18 2007 Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest………………………………………….19 2008 Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest……………………………………….…21 2009 Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest………………………………………….24 2010 Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest………………………………………….26 2011 Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest………………………………………….28 2012 Qaaktuġvik, “Kaktovik” Subsistence Harvest………………………………………….29 UQAVAAĠNIQ “Discussion”………………………………………………………………….31 TAĠIUĠMIUTAT “Marine Mammals”………………………………………...……...31 NUNAMIUTAT “Terrestrial Mammals”…...…………………………………………..32 IQALUIT “Fish Resources”…………………………………..………………………...34 QAUGIAT “Bird Resources”……...……………………………………………………36 P a g e | ii NAURIAT “Plant Resource” …………………………………………………………...37 QAAKTUĠVIK HARVEST Timing……………………………..…………………………...39 ISUA “Conclusion”……………………………………………………………………………...41 ALLAT AGLAAŊIT “LITERATURE CITED”........................................................................42 APPENDIX 1................................................................................................................................44 APPENDIX 2………………………………………………………………………………...45-46 APPENDIX 3………………………………………………………………………………........47 P a g e | iii P a g e | iv To the memory of Andrew Akootchook Abt.1891 – Jan. 1951 (Qiñiqtuagaksrat Utuqqanaat Iñuuniaġniaŋisiqun, 1980) P a g e | v Rusty Heurlin, Lieutenant of the Alaska Territorial Guard wrote a tribute to Andrew Akootchook following his death (Heurlin circa 1950): Andrew Akootchook is gone ...Big Andrew, the Eskimo lay-minister of windy Barter Island. Warm tears have fallen in the silent igloos. The entire Arctic Slope mourns his sudden and tragic departure. He was a good man -- honest, thoughtful and sincere, humble and sacrificing. Andrew's strong, sun-darkened features, patterned against the Arctic white, showed the strength of generations before him -- the hardiest of all primitives. Stolid in appearance yet gentle within, he lived by the Golden Rule. "Our people were always good people," he said, "but we are thankful for the great wisdom and goodness of others." Then out came the worn Bible he cherished -- tucked snugly beneath his left arm. He leaned slightly forward when standing. Nature had caused this from facing a lifetime of stiff Arctic winds. During the span of his sixty odd years he had crawled out of his semi-primitive darkness to see the light of a new era for his people. He learned to read and write the English language; how to build boats, better sledges and homes with high doorways. He tutored his children; taught them to honor and obey the Ten Commandments. Seriously he delved into his religion to hold Bible classes for the islanders every night. He leaned ever forward -- toward his great desire -- that of being ordained. It was to have taken place on Easter. Andrew had seen much happiness in his life, then came the evil day ... and troublesome happenings beset him with deep worry over the future existence of his people. "It was the only trouble we have ever had in our long living at Barter Island," said he while here but a few days ago. Strict game laws had been imposed upon him and his people. "Our aboriginal rights have been taken away from us," he sighed. "But maybe someday the warden will see things our way for hunger knows no law in the Arctic." Andrew faced all issues confronting his people. His clear thinking and fair judgment was law east of Barrow. Strongly fortified in his beliefs he lived as he preached, never seeking to escape any duty or sacrifice before him. With keen vision he saw the many needs of the Eskimos -- schools, good teachers and better, all around facilities for living. "We do not want to be looked down on. We want to be respected. We are honest people that want to go ahead. Our children must know more than we know when they get to be our age. That is progress." From Barter to Barrow, from Wainwright to Point Hope -- all knew Andrew Akootchook. As the winds moan over the white immensity of his domain, his broken trail will not be obliterated. It is there for someone else to follow --clearly blazed with a Cross. This page is intentionally left blank. Kisisat “LIST OF TABLES & FIGURES” Table 1. Start and end dates of all recall surveys conducted in Kaktovik covering the period between January 1, 2007 and Dec 31, 2012…………………..……………………………...........7 Figure 1. Percent harvest by month for all years of the study (2007-2012) by resource category……..……………………………………………………………………………………40 Table 2. Total number of households in Kaktovik and total number of households surveyed for each recall survey…………………………………………………………………………………7 Table 3. List of some common misidentifications of species included in report from the Bacon et al. (2011) report, plus added modifications……………………………………………………...10 Table 4. Provides the Iñupiat names, common names, and scientific names………………...13-14 Table 5. Provides the Iñupiat names, common names, and scientific names……………………15 Table 6. Provides the Iñupiat names, common names, and scientific names……………………16 Table 7. Provides the Iñupiat names, common names, and scientific names……………………17 Table 8. Iñupiat, common, and scientific names for plant species harvested at Kaktovik………18 Table 9. Reported harvest, estimated total harvest, estimated total harvest converted to lbs, and associated standard error (SE) for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2007-December 2007 survey…...19 Table 10. Percentage of estimated total harvest by month for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2007- December 2007…………………………………..…………………………………………........20 Table 11. Reported harvest, estimated total harvest, estimated total harvest converted to lbs, and associated standard error (SE) for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2008-December 2008 survey…...21 Table 12. Percentage of estimated total harvest by month for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2008- December 2008………………..……………………..…………………………………………..22 Table 13. Reported harvest, estimated total harvest, estimated total harvest converted to lbs, and associated standard error (SE) for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2009-December 2009 survey…...24 Table 14. Percentage of estimated total harvest by month for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2009- December 2009………………………………………..……………………………...………….25 Table 15. Reported harvest, estimated total harvest, estimated total harvest converted to lbs, and associated standard error (SE) for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2010-December 2010 survey…...26 Table 16. Percentage of estimated total harvest by month for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2010- December 2010…………………………………………………………………………..............27 Table 17. Reported harvest, estimated total harvest, estimated total harvest converted to lbs, and associated standard error (SE) for Kaktovik, Alaska, May 2011-December 2011 survey…..28 Table 18. Percentage of estimated total harvest by month for Kaktovik, Alaska, May 2011- December 2011………………………………………………………………………...…….28 Table 19. Reported harvest, estimated total harvest, estimated total harvest converted to lbs, and associated standard error (SE) for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2012-December 2012 survey. ………………………………………………...………………………………………………….29 Table 20. Percentage of estimated total harvest by month for Kaktovik, Alaska, January 2012- December 2012……………………………………………………………………………....30 Table 21. Estimated numbers & (standard error) of marine mammals harvested at Kaktovik during the period 2007 to 2012…………………………………………………………………..32 Table 22. Estimated numbers & (standard error) of terrestrial mammals harvested at Kaktovik during the period 2007 to 2012…………………………………………………………………..33 Table 23. Species list of fish harvest in Kaktovik from 2007-2012…………………………….34 Table 24. Estimated numbers of fish resources harvested (standard error) at Kaktovik for the period 2007 to 2012……………………………………………………………………………...36 Table 25. Species list of bird harvest in Kaktovik from 2007-2012……………………………..38 Table 26. Estimated numbers of birds resources harvested (standard error) at Kaktovik for the period 2007 to 2012……………………………………………………………………………...35