The Biblical Qumran Scrolls Supplements to Vetus Testamentum The Text of the Bible at Qumran Edited by the Board of the Quarterly H.M. BARSTAD - R.P. GORDON - A. HURVITZ - G.N. KNOPPERS A. VAN DER KOOIJ - A. LEMAIRE - C.A. NEWSOM - H. SPIECKERMANN J. TREBOLLE BARRERA - H.G.M. WILLIAMSON VOLUME 134 The Biblical Qumran Scrolls Transcriptions and Textual Variants Edited by Eugene Ulrich Based on the Identification of Fragments by Frank Moore Cross Patrick W. Skehan J. T. Milik John Strugnell and on the Editions of the Biblical Qumran Scrolls by Maurice Baillet Russell E. Fuller James A. Sanders Dominique Barthelemy Florentino Garcia Martinez Judith E. Sanderson Millar Burrows Edward D. Herbert Patrick W. Skehan James H. Charlesworth Nathan Jastram Eleazar Sukenik Sidnie White Crawford Kenneth Mathews Eibert Tigchelaar Frank Moore Cross Sarianna Metso Emanuel Tov James R. Davila J. T. Milik Julio Trebolle Barrera Julie Ann Duncan Catherine M. Murphy John C. Trever Joseph A. Fitzmyer Curt Niccum Eugene Ulrich Peter W. Flint Donald W. Parry Adam van der Woude David Noel Freedman Emile Puech Yigael Yadin Richard J. Saley BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2010 This book is printed on acid-free paper. ISSN 0083-5889 ISBN 978 90 04 18038 3 Copyright 2010 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Hotei Publishing, IDC Publishers, Martinus NijhofF Publishers and VSR All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. PRINTED IN THE NETHERLANDS For Sarianna CONTENTS Preface ix Acknowledgements xi Abbreviations and Sigla xiii Genesis 1 Exodus 27 Leviticus 108 Numbers 138 Deuteronomy 175 Joshua 247 Judges 254 Samuel 259 Kings 323 Isaiah: lQIsaiaha 330 Isaiah: Fragments 465 Jeremiah 558 Ezekiel 584 Twelve Minor Prophets 590 Psalms: Fragments 627 Psalms: llQPsalmsa 694 Job 727 Proverbs 732 Ruth 735 Canticles 739 Qoheleth 746 Lamentations 749 Daniel 75 5 Ezra 776 Chronicles 778 Index of Manuscripts and Editors 779 Index of Biblical Passages 783 PREFACE THIS COLLECTION presents all the Hebrew biblical manuscripts recovered during the years 1947-1956 from the eleven caves in the vicinity of Khirbet Qumran. It provides the reader with the oldest and most authentic witnesses to the texts of the Scriptures as they circulated in Jerusalem and surrounding regions toward the end of the Second Temple period. These manuscripts antedate by a millennium previously available Hebrew manuscripts and illustrate the character of the Scriptures to which nascent Christianity and Rabbinic Judaism were heir. The transcription of each of the identifiable fragments, together with the textual variants it contains, is presented in consecutive biblical order. As in the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert (DJD) series, 'biblical' is understood in the sense of the traditional Masoretic canon of the Hebrew Bible. That is, only Qumran Hebrew manuscripts of the twenty-four books of the Masoretic Text (MT) are included, whether written in the Palaeo-Hebrew or the Jewish ('square') script. Not included are manuscripts found at other sites near the Dead Sea; 4Q('Reworked,)Pentateuch or other books which may have been considered Scripture such as Jubilees, 1 Enoch, or Sirach; recently identified small fragments which do not add in a major way to our knowledge; quotations in nonbiblical scrolls; or translations of biblical books into Greek or Aramaic, for example, the Septuagint manuscript of Leviticus (4QLXXLeva) or the Targum of Job (HQtgJob). The purpose of this collection is to provide a handy compendium of all the biblical Qumran scrolls. Considered essential were the texts with their significant variants; much other valuable information could not be included. The transcriptions and variants are for the most part identical to those in the editiones principes published in DJD volume 1 (Cave 1); volume 3 (Caves 2-3, 5-10); volume 4 (llQPsa); volumes 9, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 (Cave 4); volume 23 (Cave 11); and volume 32 (Cave 1 Isaiah). Several other scrolls which had been published separately, such as 1 lQpaleoLeva, are also presented in a format similar to that of DJD. Some revisions, however, have been introduced. Transcriptions have occasionally been revised to make necessary corrections or to provide useful context. The variants have often been either augmented to standardize for this collection or revised to simplify or to delete lengthy explanations too technical for a handy collection. For those who seek more information or more precision, the more detailed DJD volumes may supply what is required. The editiones principes offer detailed intro­ ductions to each manuscript, explanatory notes from examination of the manuscripts in the museum on readings which involve difficulty, and nuanced analysis of certain variants or reconstructions. As important as this information is, inclusion here would vitiate the purpose of the volume as a manageable compendium. This volume provides the reader with a transcription of the remains of the ancient biblical texts that survived the two intervening millennia, and an indication of how they compare with each other and with the traditional biblical manuscripts transmitted to us through the Middle Ages. EUGENE ULRICH University of Notre Dame Chief Editor, Qumran Biblical Scrolls November 2008 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS THE IMMENSE AMOUNT of labor upon which this volume is built was provided by my colleagues and friends mentioned on the title page. I have worked closely and at length with many of the editors, whose erudition, discipline, devotion, and attention to minute detail I greatly admire. It has been an exhilarating intellectual experience as well as a personal privilege and pleasure to have worked with and been inspired by such an excellent collection of scholars, representing ten countries. They, and the larger community of Qumran scholars, have modeled how scholarship should operate: as a group of collaborators sharing their insights and pre-published material generously with each other. Together we struggled—deciphering the paltry scraps that the Romans, animals, and the ravages of time did not completely destroy—toward an ever-increasing knowledge of that curious group who authored, copied, and studied those texts. To my fellow editors I am forever grateful, both for our shared learning experience and for their permission to republish their work. Much of the computer entering, formatting, and proofreading has been performed by dedicated Graduate Assistants at the University of Notre Dame: John Bergsma, Brandon Bruning, Todd Hibbard, Daniel Machiela, and Andrew Teeter. Peter Flint, my co-editor of the series The Bible at Qumran: Text and Interpretation, encouraged the production of this volume and allowed me to use his electronic collection of the Psalms variants. Frank Moore Cross and Patrick W. Skehan were the original editors of the Cave 4 biblical scrolls, and I am grateful to them for entrusting me with the completion of their editions for publication. An enduring pleasure is my forty-year friendship, with Emanuel Tov and our collaboration in guiding the transition from the original team to the new generation of editors. As Editor-in-Chief of the Discoveries in the Judaean Desert series, he deserves the lasting respect and thanks of all who consult the scrolls; his wise, patient, and diplomatic leadership steered the larger publication project to an honorable conclusion. I appreciate the willingness of Oxford University Press to allow my use of so much material first published by their efforts in DJD, and I thank Jenny Wagstaffe, Tom Perridge, Elizabeth Robottom, Hilary O'Shea, and Rachel Woodforde for years of expert and devoted help. It has been a continuing pleasure to know and work with Hans van der Meij, Mattie Kuiper, and Machiel Kleemans at Brill, who from the start gave strong support to this project. Finally, the National Endowment for the Humanities and the Dead Sea Scrolls Foundation with its generous donors deserve gratitude for nearly two decades of generous financial support for the Scrolls publication project. ABBREVIATIONS AND SIGLA THE ABBREVIATIONS and sigla used in this volume are similar to those used in Discoveries in the Judaean Desert, in Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia, and in the Gottingen and Brooke-McLean editions of the Septuagint, with adaptations considered useful or necessary. Abbreviations of journals and other sources and reference works are in accord with The SBL Handbook of Style, ed. P. H. Alexander et al. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1999. ft & & certain letter, probable letter, possible letter, respectively ° a letter which has ink traces remaining but cannot be confidently identified intb erasure dots placed by the scribe to indicate letters to be ignored [ ] missing letters; space between fragments or where the surface of the manuscript is missing { } in the text, indicates letters or words erased; in a reconstruction, indicates letters or words which the editor thinks should not be included vacat interval for paragraph-division, indicating that the writing space was