Harris County Early Head Start and Head Start AVANCE Houston, Inc. Collaborative Community Assessment Years 2013-2015 Prepared by Research and Evaluation Institute Jeannette Truxillo, DrPH, Director Alicia Gladney, Manager Likita Durden-Holmes, Research Coordinator Sayra Arias, Research Coordinator Andres Garcia, Research Coordinator Cristina Mavarez, Evaluation Associate Rose Mary Pacheco, Administrative Assistant James Colbert, Jr. | County School Superintendent 6300 Irvington Boulevard Houston, Texas 77022 Tel: 713.694.6300 www.hcde-texas.org Grantee Partners and Assessment Team Area I – Harris County Department of Education Venetia Peacock, Director of Head Start Natalya Sumner, Compliance Manager Area II – AVANCE Houston, Inc Antoinette Montgomery, Chief Administrator Early Head Start/Head Start Education Programs Christiana Bekie, Director of Research, Quality Improvement, & Compliance Area III – Neighborhood Centers Inc. Diane Stanton, Senior Director of Head Start/Early Head Start Adrian Yam, Senior Coordinator Family and Parent Engagement Area IV – Gulf Coast Community Services Association Tiamoiya Lee, Director Head Start/Early Head Start Dantaya Smith, Assistant Director of Operations and Family Services AVANCE Houston, Inc. Early Head Start & Head Start Service Area II 2013‐2015 Community Assessment Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................................ i Introduction .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Methodology ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Community Characteristics ........................................................................................................................... 8 Demographics ........................................................................................................................................... 8 Employment ............................................................................................................................................ 19 Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 26 Environmental Health ............................................................................................................................. 42 Community Assets ...................................................................................................................................... 65 Public Pre‐K ............................................................................................................................................. 65 Child Care Subsidized by Workforce Solutions ....................................................................................... 65 Eligible and Available Head Start Children .............................................................................................. 67 Children under Age 5 with Disabilities ........................................................................................................ 73 Characteristics of Head Start/Early Head Start Children and Families ....................................................... 80 Perceptions of Program Parents, Community Service Providers, and Opinion Leaders ............................ 90 Family Survey .......................................................................................................................................... 91 Family Development Worker Survey .................................................................................................... 101 Community Partners Survey ................................................................................................................. 112 Comparison of Respondent Views ........................................................................................................ 121 Community Resources .............................................................................................................................. 129 Summary of Issues and Recommendations .............................................................................................. 134 Appendices ................................................................................................................................................ 146 Executive Summary: Community Assessment for AVANCE Houston, Inc. Head Start/Early Head Start Program Every three years Head Start and Early Head Start grantees are required to conduct a comprehensive community assessment that is used in decision making for program planning, implementation, and evaluation, as well as to respond to new federal regulations and initiatives, mobilize community resources and partnerships, and reach out to additional funders. This assessment is designed to help the staff of the Head Start grantees in Harris County, TX and their Policy Councils to identify current trends in the communities they serve, understand the needs of Head Start eligible children and their families, and become aware of resources for families that are available as well as any gaps. According to the Head Start Performance Standards, Harris County grantees will use this Community Assessment information to make decisions about the following: 1. Help determine their philosophy and short & long‐range program objectives 2. Determine the type of component services that are most needed and the program option or options to be implemented 3. Determine the recruitment area to be served 4. Determine appropriate locations for centers and the areas to be served by home‐based programs 5. Set criteria that define the types of children and families who will be given priority for recruitment and selection Four Head Start/Early Head Start (HS/EHS) grantee programs serve low income children eligible for services living in different sections of Harris County, Texas. Three programs offer both HS and EHS services and they include AVANCE, Gulf Coast Community Services Association, and Neighborhood Centers, Inc. while Harris County Department of Education offers Head Start services. This Community Assessment of Harris County, TX and its Head Start grantee programs primarily covers the period from 2013‐2015 with enrollment information, results of surveys distributed, and focus groups conducted at the beginning of the 2014‐2015 program year. The report contains information collected on the six focus areas designated in the Head Start Performance Standards organized as recommended in “Five Steps to Community Assessment” (Office of Head Start, 2008). The six focus areas include: 1. Community characteristics and need for Head Start/Early Head Start Executive Summary | i 2. Community assets – other child development and child care programs available 3. Children under age 5 with disabilities 4. Characteristics of Head Start/Early Head Start children and families 5. Perceptions of program parents, community service providers, and opinion leaders 6. Additional community resources for Head Start/Early Head Start families AVANCE Houston, Inc. This summary highlights the community assessment findings relevant for AVANCE’s Head Start/Early Head Start program for the six focus areas. The status of Harris County is described and integrated with information about the grantee specific service area, followed by the status of HS/EHS eligible and enrolled children and families. Harris County Community Characteristics Harris County is the largest county in the state of Texas and third largest in the U.S. It is situated in the southeast section near the Gulf of Mexico and covers 1,703.481 sq mi of land. Thirty‐four municipalities, including Houston which covers nearly three‐quarters of the area, are located within the county. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, in 2015 Harris County had an estimated population of 4,538,028 and a population density of 2,664 persons per square mile, a 10.9% increase since 2010 (Census, 2010).2 Approximately 7.7% of the county’s population was composed of children under age 5, 29.5% of which were estimated to be living below poverty (U.S. Census Bureau, 2014). The following map shows the concentrations of poverty for children under age 5, areas with the greatest concentrations having the deepest color. 1 Update based on 2010 census: 1,703 sq. miles 2 U.S. Census Bureau. (2015, July 1). QuickFacts. Retrieved July 18,2016 from U.S. Census Bureau: https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/table/PST045215/48201,00 Executive Summary | ii Children under Age 5 Living Below Poverty* *Map based on 2014 American Community Survey 5‐Year Estimates As shown on the map, areas with the highest concentrattion of poverty are located along I‐10 highway, spanning from Channelview, Pasadena, and Baytown on the eastside; Aldine going north along I‐45 in the center of Houston and the countyy; and somewhat north west of I‐10 (i.e. Spring Branch, Bear Creek); Sharpstown and Gulfton in the southwest area also show higher concentrations of poverty. Employment Despite having high poverty areas, Houston has seen gain in employment. According to the Texas Workforce Commission, in 2014 the city of Houston led the state in employment growth with an overall growth of 5.2%. Additionally, Houston represented 25.7% of the state’s new job increase by creating