DOCUMENT RESUME ED 294 787 SO 018 765 AUTHOR Gore, Deborah, Ed. TITLE The Civil War and Iowa. INSTITUTION Iowa State Historical Dept., Iowa City. PUB DATE Nov 87 NOTE 33p.; For related document, see ED 286 778 and ED 282 807. AVAILABLE FROMState Historical Society of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, IA 52240 ($5.00 single copy rate; $25.00 classroom rate). PUB TYPE Historical Materials (060) -- Collected Works- Serials (022) JOURNAL CIT The Goldfinch: Iowa History for Young People; v9 n2 Nov 1987 EDRS PRICE MF01/2CO2 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Civil War (United States); Economic Change; Elementary Education; Political Influences; Social Change; Social History; Social Studies; *State History; United States History IDENTIFIERS *Iowa ABSTRACT This journal issue explores Iowa's participation in the U.S. Civil War and primarily focuses on what happened to themen, women, and children who remained at home. A number of social, political, and economic changes are examined, including: (1) the increased responsibilities of women and children; (2) the growth of abolitionism; (3) the role of the Peace Democrats (copperheads); (4) debates about slavery and suffrage; and (5) economic and technological growth. Sharon Wood features women's domestic contributions to the war effort in "Changed Families," andexcerpts of one couple's letters, written to each other during the CivilWar, are presented, along with samples of newspaper editorials. Victoria Carlson chronicles the svcial reform efforts ofone woman in "Annie Wittenmyer," and Chris Annicella describesa 16-year-old drummer boy's adventures in "Escape!" The arrest ofa newspaper editor for criticizing President Lincoln's actions is highlighted. Pictures, maps, games, and activities are included. (JHP) *************************P********************************************* Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best thatcan be made from the original document. *********************************************************************** Iowa Histo for Young Peopl Volume 9, Number 2 November 1987 s.- Air "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS U S DEPARTMENT OF Office of Educational EDUCATION MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY -esearcn and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCESINFORMATION DE8oRtew 70 yes CENTER (ERIC) lorhis documenthas been reproduced received from the person as ongmating it, or organization CY Minor changes have beenmode to improve reproduction Quality TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES Points of view or opinionsstated in t ment dO not necessarily doctr represent official INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC)." OERI position or policy .,11. 2 Meet Wild Rosie, your official "Goldfinch "Goldfinch Tour Guide" for a trip into Iowa's past CONTENTS Volume 9, Number 2 November 1987 Features Iowa & The Civil War 4 Changed Families 7 Dear Jane/Dear William 10 Battle of the Newspapers 14 Civil War Game 16 Annie Wittenmyer 18 Page 19 Escape! 21 Departments Wild Rosie's Map Page 3 You Debate: The Case of Dennis Mahony 24 Citizenship: Suffrage 26 Disk Detective 28 Treasure Chest 29 Page 21 History Makers 30 J .J . Anderson, 14, from Davenport and Chris Pass It On 31 Jorandby, 13, of Moline, Illinois, took part ina recent Civil War Muster in East Davenport. Photograph by History Mystery Back Cover Jeff Cook. EDITORIAL Editor: Deborah pore; Editorial Assistance: PaulStolt; Children's Advisory Board: Anthony Sunderman, Washington School, Atlantic and'Quenby Swaim, Willowwind School,Iowa City. THE GOLDFINCH (ISSN 0278-0208) is published inSeptember, November, February, and April by the State Historical Society of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa 52240(319-335-3916). Available by yearly subscription: 4 issues for $5 (single-copy rate) or 30 copies of 4 issues for $25 (classroom rate).Gift subscriptions are available through Familyor Benefiting memberships in the State Historical Society of Iowa. Second-classpostage paid at Iowa City, Iowa. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to: THE GOLDFINCH,State Historical Society of Iowa, 402 Iowa Avenue, Iowa City, Iowa 52240. No portion of THE GOLDFINCH may be reproduced withoutprior permission. 2 Wild Rosies Map Page OSCIOLA .0. SO OSSU. ...3(1300 O. 3.3*Ako SIOUX 0.0 AO ALTO mANCOCK 0.0 ALLA.. 40.0> fLOVO Co.AS. ..00 CLATTO Pi.v.JOUT !..14 '"""' s MOLL 000ILUMV &LACK..Mg.., M.A.(oT0..t OAL..03% 4 +J%0 --1_ NTO% L AN JO ,LS JAC SO CRA*0.10 CARROLL cRttne moOnt sTO; S.",' CLOAK VOL.S0.. 4S.C. a0.(5.1 10. *O.A*ATTA.J.( CASS AOA tit .0303 0 4A 040,100mIRV iv, LUCKS Of .(mONT .1( TeL0* .1.3000L0 I ;.AvNt O.U.S Iowa: The Homefront When you think of the Civil War, do you think his Webster County home. of guns and battles? There is a lot more to the story Griswold: Heather Shannon, a student at of the war than fighting. In this issue of the Griswold Community School, wrote about the Goldfinch we're going to explore what was going Underground Railroad for this issue's History on in Iowa during the Civil War. Makers. We've marked a few towns on the map thatare Iowa City: The History Mystery photographon mentioned in this issue of the Goldfinch. Read the the back cover is of a player from this university clues below and write the name of each townon town in Johnson County. the blanks above. Keokuk: During the Civil War, Annie Wittenmyer became a leader in the Soldiers' Aid Davenport: Annie Wittenmyer openeda home Society in this southeastern Iowa town. for orphans in this Scott County town. Lewis: Rev. George Hitchcockran "the Lewis Dubuque: Dennis Mahony was arrested for depot," part of the Underground Railroad, to help writing articles opposing the Civil War. Hewas slaves enroute to Canada in this townnear editor of the Dubuque Herald. Griswold. Fort Dodge: A young boy enlisted as a drummer Marion: A woman from this Linn County town in the Iowa Infantry in 1862 andwas captured by wrote letters to her husband while he fought for Confederate troops. He tried to escape to return to the Union during the Civil War. 3 4 Iowa & The Civil War MOKE TWIRLS from the campfire. Water .....OMMIIIIIMM Sfor coffee begins to boil. In tiie background, you can hear camp songs: "Just Before the Battle, Mother" and "Tenting Tonight on the Old Camp \ Ground." The two kids on the cover of this issue of the Goldfinch are dressed up in Civil War era uniforms. J.J. Anderson, 14, from Davenport and Chris Jorandby of Moline, Illinois recently took part in the Village of East Davenport Civil War Muster. Every year men, women, and kids set up f a Civil War camp, reenact battles, and cook food to commemmorate (remember) Iowa's participation in the Civil War. A Civil War is a war between people from the same country. The United States Civil War, 1 sometimes called the War Between the States (1861-1865), took more than one million The two boys on the cover pose with a horse at the East casualties (people killtd, wounded, or lost) Davenport Civil War Muster. Horses, steamboats, and the new railroads were used for transportation more than any other war. Iowans fought and died during the war. in many of the battles and campaigns. selecting men for military service) was held for This issue of the Goldfinch will look not at the men 20 to 45 years of age. Iowa drafted some battles of the war, but at what was happening in 7,500 men in 1864. Not all men drafted went to Iowa to the ordinary men, women, and children war. Some 1,200 men paid for substitutes to take who remained at home. their places. Call to War in Iowa The Homefront When President Abraham Lincoln called for In this issue of the Goldfinch, you will read troops in 1861, Iowa Governor Samuel J. about life in Iowa during the Civil War. Asmen Kirkwood asked for one regiment of men. Two- left for war, families changed. Women had torun thirds of Iowa men of military age, about 78,000, businesses and farms. Young boys and children served during the four-year war. helped, too. Families pitched in to help make As casualties increased, it became harder to fill clothing, supplies, and send food to their loved those places. In 1863, the first draft (way of ones. You'll also read some real letters written 4 5 between an Iowa woman and her husband who harshest criticism was aimed at President Lincoln was away fighting in the South. for denying constitutional rights to certain At home, many Iowans held differing views of citizens during the war. the war. Although Iowa was considered a Union Some people thought the Peace Democrats state during the Civil War, not every Iowan were traitors. Some Peace Democrats were given supported the war or President Lincoln. Most the derogatory (unflattering, critical) label of Iowans belonged to the new political party, the copperheads. The name comes from the Republicans. Many abolitionists (people against copperhead snake which has a poisonous bite, slavery) were also Republicans. meaning that their opinions were sharply critical. The Democratic Party was divided into two You will read about an editor in Dubuque, Dennis opposing groups: the War Democrats and the Mallony, who was called a copperhead and who Peace Democrats. War Democrats supported the ended up in jail for his views against President war, although they differed with President Lincoln. Lincoln on issues such as trade and abolition. Other debates were held over slavery(see box). Peace Democrats believed that the war wasa You will read about suffrage (the right to vote) useless waste of blood and money. They for blacks and women after the Civil War. supported peaceful solutions to end the conflict. During the Civil War, Iowa's economy Many Peace Democrats also believed in a strict boomed. High prices were paid for agricultural interpretation of the Constitution.