2008:58 DOCTORAL T H E SIS Ramin Karim A Service-Oriented Approach to eMaintenance of Complex Technical Systems A Service-OrientedTechnical to Approach eMaintenance of Complex A Service-Oriented Approach to eMaintenance of Complex Technical Systems Ramin Karim Luleå University of Technology Department of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering 2008:58 Universitetstryckeriet, Luleå 2008:58|: 02-544|: - -- 08 ⁄58 -- A Service-Oriented Approach to eMaintenance of Complex Technical Systems Ramin Karim Luleå University of Technology Division of Operation and Maintenance Engineering A Service-Oriented Approach to eMaintenance of Complex Technical Systems Everyone knows what time is until you start to think about it and then you realize you do not know. St. Aurelius Augustine (354-430 AD) During my research, I have frequently had cause to reflect on 6W$XJXVWLQH·V statement, and every time I did so I have realized how little I know! Page I Preface and Acknowledgements Preface and Acknowledgements This research has been carried out at the Division of Operation & Mainte- nance Engineering (O&M) at Luleå University of Technology. The activities related to in this research have been managed through a joint industrial and academic project. I have been supported by many people in different ways during this time. Their support has been essential to achieve milestones within this work. First of all, I would like to convey my appreciation to Saab Aerotech and the Swedish National Aeronautics Research Programme (NFFP) that have made this research possible through their financial support. I am also indebted to Professor Uday Kumar (my main supervisor); Assistant Professor Peter Söderholm (my primary co-supervisor) and Associate Profes- sor Mira Kajko-Mattsson (my secondary co-supervisor), who have supported me during this research. Professor Uday Kumar has introduced me to the domain of operation and maintenance engineering. He has been a valuable source of knowledge and inspiration during this time. Professor Kumar has always showed a positive attitude and supported me in my research. My co-supervisor and friend Peter Söderholm has been an enormous and in- valuable source of knowledge. With his patience and structured approach, he has helped me to understand the essence of maintenance and merge the knowledge I have gained with my prior knowledge of Information & Com- munication Technology (ICT). As a friend he has encouraged me during peri- ods of confusion. Associate Professor Mira Kajko-Mattsson, with her deep knowledge in soft- ware development and software maintenance, has enriched this work. She has inspired me during this time with her knowledge and forward-thinking approach. In particular, I would like to thank Licentiate Olov Candell at Saab Aerotech who has generously shared his knowledge and introduced me to the domain of maintenance in military aviation. As a friend he has been a great support and encouraged me in this work. Furthermore; I would like to express my gratitude to Adjunct Professor Ulf Sandberg at Vattenfall and Assistant Professor Aditya Parida at O&M, for the valuable discussions and contributions to drafts of this thesis. Page III Preface and Acknowledgements I want to thank Licentiate Engineer Alireza Ahmadi at O&M who has shared his experiences from aviation maintenance. I thank all colleagues at O&M for their support. I would also like to thank Professor Anders Östman, at the Division of Geo- graphical Information Technology (GIT), who was a valuable source of knowledge during my initial research studies. I thank Mikael Segerlund and Folke Stridsman, my former colleagues, who have inspired me with fruitful discussions. I acknowledge the administrative support from Monica Björnfot. Finally, I would like to thank Gary Watson who has helped me to improve the English of this thesis. I would like to thank my parents, Houshang and Dokhi Karim, my brother, Nader Karim, and my parents-in-law, Ingvar and Gunvor Löfgren. Last, but certainly not least, I give my appreciation and love to my family, my wife Anki and our loving sons Kevin and Robin, for their enormous understand- ing for my exceptionally hectic existence during this period of my life. With- out their support and encouragement, this journey could never have come to an end. Ramin Karim Luleå, November 2008 Page IV Abstract Abstract ,QWRGD\·VJOREDObusiness scenarios, an organization can strengthen its com- petitiveness by offering a spectrum of industrial services that range from tra- ditional customer support to turnkey solutions. To achieve this service spec- trum, it is necessary to manage information consumption and production at right quality level in right time. When dealing with complex technical sys- tems, e.g. military aircraft, with long life cycles, the management of mainte- nance-related information is crucial to fulfil stringent dependability, Life Support Cost (LSC) and safety requirements. Today, there is available Infor- mation & Communication Technology (ICT) to realize an eMaintenance solu- tion for the necessary information logistics. However, there is a lack of ap- propriate frameworks, methodologies and tools that enable a service-oriented approach to eMaintenance. Hence, the purpose of this research is to explore and describe how an eMain- tenance solution can be developed to provide information services that sup- port the maintenance of complex technical systems. To fulfil the purpose, a major case study within military aviation has been performed, supported by two minor case studies within the healthcare sector and the process industry. Empirical data has been collected through interviews, observations, archival records and workshops. The analysis is based on developed theoretical frameworks, Design of Experiment (DoE) principles and available interna- tional standards. The results of this research are: I) an exploration and definition of eMainte- nance; II) a description of eMaintenance as support to maintenance of com- plex technical systems; III) an eMaintenance Management Framework (eMMF) for establishment of an eMaintenance platform; and IV) a methodol- ogy with a supporting toolbox that facilitates the identification of mainte- nance support information. Keywords Maintenance Support Service, Complex Technical Industrial System, Service- Oriented Architecture, Information Logistics, eMaintenance. Page V Summary in Swedish Summary in Swedish (Sammanfattning) I dagens globala företagsklimat kan en organisation stärka sin konkurrens- kraft genom att erbjuda ett helt spektrum av industriella tjänster, allt från traditionellt kundstöd till färdiga nyckellösningar. För att uppnå ett sådant tjänstespektrum är det nödvändigt att kunna hantera konsumtion och pro- duktion av information på rätt kvalitetsnivå vid rätt tidpunkt. Vad gäller komplexa tekniska system, t. ex. militära flygplan, med lång livslängd är han- teringen av underhållsrelaterad information avgörande för att kunna uppnå hög driftsäkerhet, låga underhållskostnader (Life Support Cost, LSC) och ri- gorösa säkerhetskrav. Det finns idag Informations- och Kommunikationstek- nik (IKT) som möjliggör en eUnderhållslösning för den nödvändiga informa- tionslogistiken. Det saknas dock lämpliga ramverk, arbetssätt och verktyg som möjliggör en tjänsteinriktad ansats mot eUnderhåll. Följaktligen är syftet med denna forskning att undersöka och beskriva hur en lösning för eUnderhåll kan utvecklas så att den tillhandahåller informations- tjänster som stödjer underhållet av komplexa tekniska system. För att uppnå detta syfte har en stor fallstudie utförts inom militär luftfart, stöttad av två mindre fallstudier inom sjukvårdssektorn och processindustrin. Empiriska data har samlats in genom intervjuer, observationer, arkivstudier och semina- rier. Analysen baseras på utvecklade teoretiska ramverk, principer för stati- stiks försöksplanering (Design of Experiment, DoE) och tillgängliga interna- tionella standarder. Resultatet av denna forskning är: I) en utforskning och definition av eUnder- håll; II) en beskrivning av eUnderhåll som ett stöd för underhåll av komplexa tekniska system; III) ett ramverk för eUnderhållshantering (eMaintenance Management Framework, eMMF) i syfte att etablera en eUnderhållsplatt- form; och IV) ett arbetssätt med stöttande verktygslåda som underlättar iden- tifieringen av information som stöd till underhåll. Page VII Dissertation Data Dissertation Data AUTHOR·S Ramin Karim DATA Licentiate in Engineering in Operation and Maintenance En- gineering Bachelor of Science in Computer Science [email protected] SUPERVISORS Professor Uday Kumar, main supervisor, Luleå University of Technology Assistant Professor Peter Söderholm, co-supervisor, Luleå University of Technology Associate Professor Mira Kajko-Mattsson, co-supervisor, Royal University of Technology REVIEWERS Adjunct Professor Ulf Sandberg, Vattenfall AB and Luleå University of Technology Assistant Professor Aditya Parida, Luleå University of Tech- nology OPPONENT Professor Benoît Iung, Nancy University, France. GRADING Professor Anita Mirjamdotter, Växjö University, Sweden. COMMITTEE Associate Professor Per-Olof Larsson-Kråik, Banverket (Swedish Rail Administration). Dr. Erkki Jantunen, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland. Assistant Professor Bjarne Bergquist, Luleå University of Technology, Sweden. (Reserve member of the committee) Page IX List of Appended Papers List of Appended Papers Paper I. Karim, R. and Söderholm, P. (2008). Application of Information