ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS’ OPERATION FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCES FROM NEKEMTE TOWN AS A TOURIST DESTINATION IN WESTERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES, TOURISM DEVELOPMENTAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR MASTERS OF ARTS IN TOURISM DEVELOPMENT AND MANAGEMENT BY: ETEFA GUDINA ADVISOR: TESFAYE ZELEKE (PhD) ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY ADDIS ABABA, ETHIOPIA JUNE, 2018 COLLABORATION OF STAKEHOLDERS’ OPERATION FOR TOURISM DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCES FROM NEKEMTE TOWN AS A TOURIST DESTINATION IN WESTERN OROMIA, ETHIOPIA ETEFA GUDINA KITESSA Approved by: _____________________ __________ _________ Thesis Advisor Signature Date ___________________ __________ _________ Internal Examiner Signature Date ______________________ __________ _________ External Examiner Signature Date _____________________ __________ _________ Chairman, Department Signature Date ii Table of Contents Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................... iii DECLARATION ..................................................................................................................... vii DEDICATION ........................................................................................................................ viii List of Tables ............................................................................................................................ ix List of Figures ........................................................................................................................... xi ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................. xii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................. xv CHAPTER ONE .......................................................................................................................1 INTRODUCTION .....................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background of the Study ...................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the Problem ...................................................................................................3 1.3. Research Questions ..........................................................................................................5 1.4. Objective of the Study ......................................................................................................5 1.4.1. General Objective ......................................................................................................5 1.4.2. Specific Objectives ....................................................................................................5 1.5. Significances of the Study ................................................................................................6 1.6. Scope of the Study ............................................................................................................7 1.6.1. Delimitation by Spatial Scope ....................................................................................7 1.6.2. Delimitation by Theme ..............................................................................................7 1.6.3. Delimitation by Units of Observation .........................................................................7 iii 1.7. Limitations of the Study ...................................................................................................8 1.8 Organization of the Thesis .................................................................................................9 CHAPTER TWO .................................................................................................................... 10 REVIEW OF LITERATURE ................................................................................................. 10 2.1. Concept of “Stakeholder” in Tourism Development........................................................ 10 2.2. Role and Responsibilities of Stakeholders for Tourism Development ............................. 13 2.2.1. Government/Public Authorities ................................................................................ 14 2.2.2. Educational Institutions............................................................................................ 15 2.2.3. Local Community .................................................................................................... 15 2.2.4. Private Sectors ......................................................................................................... 16 2.3. Collaboration of Stakeholders’ Operation in Tourism Development ............................... 17 2.3.1. Potential Benefit of Stakeholders’ Collaboration ...................................................... 17 2.3.2. Barriers of Collaboration ......................................................................................... 18 2.4. Review of Theories......................................................................................................... 19 2.5. Conceptual Framework ................................................................................................... 21 2.6. Review of Ethiopian Policy on Tourism Stakeholders’ Operation ................................... 23 2.6.1 Ethiopian Tourism Policy ......................................................................................... 23 2.6.2. Implementation of Tourism Policy in Ethiopia ......................................................... 25 2.7. Empirical Review of Tourism Stakeholders’ Operation .................................................. 26 CHAPTER THREE ................................................................................................................ 28 METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS ...................................................................................... 28 3.1. Research Site Description ............................................................................................... 28 3.1.1. Topography and Climate .......................................................................................... 29 3.1.2. Infrastructural Development and Services ................................................................ 30 iv 3.1.3. Tourist Attractions ................................................................................................... 30 3.2. Research Philosophy....................................................................................................... 34 3.3. Research Design ............................................................................................................. 36 3.4. Research Methods .......................................................................................................... 36 3.5. Sampling Techniques ..................................................................................................... 40 3.6. Research Instruments ...................................................................................................... 43 3.7. Method of Data Analysis ................................................................................................ 44 3.8. Validity and Reliability of the Instruments ...................................................................... 45 3.9. Ethical Considerations .................................................................................................... 46 CHAPTER FOUR ................................................................................................................... 47 DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION ................................................ 47 4.1 Demographic Characteristics of the Respondents ............................................................. 47 4.1.1 Gender of the Respondents ....................................................................................... 47 4.1.2 Age Category of the Respondents ............................................................................. 48 4.1.3 Marital Status of the Respondents ............................................................................. 49 4.1.4 Educational Background of the Respondents............................................................. 49 4.1.5 Occupational Category of the Respondents ............................................................... 51 4.1.6. Demographic Characteristics of the Informants ........................................................ 52 4.2 Stakeholders for Tourism Development in Nekemte Town and their Respective Roles .... 54 4.2.1 Stakeholders for Tourism Development in Nekemte Town ....................................... 54 4.2.2 Stakeholders’ Roles in Tourism Development in Nekemte Town .............................. 56 4.2.3 Knowledge of Stakeholders with Regard to their Roles ............................................. 77 4.3 Sectoral Collaboration among Tourism Stakeholders in Nekemte Administrative Town .. 78 4.3.1 Motivation ...............................................................................................................